喜马拉雅山珠峰段的蚂蚁物种多样性  

Ant Species Diversity of Mount Everest Section of the Himalaya Mountains

作　　者：李文琼[1] 徐正会[1] 周雪英[1] 李安娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西南林业大学学报（自然科学）》2016年第1期114-120,共7页Journal of Southwest Forestry University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31260521)资助

摘　　要：为揭示喜马拉雅山的蚂蚁多样性规律，采用样地调查法测定珠峰段（海拔变幅5 260～1 840m）30块样地的物种多样性。结果表明：观察蚁科昆虫22 796头，经鉴定隶属于3亚科、13属、23种。各样地蚂蚁群落的物种数目为0～8种（平均1．9种），个体密度0～1 254．8头／m2。（平均107．8头／m2），多样性指数0～1．211 1（平均0．278 3），均匀度指数0．020 9～0．996 2（平均0．272 6），优势度指数0．390 3-1．000 0（平均0．599 3）；北坡、山间谷地和南坡的蚂蚁群落间相似性系数0．0910～0．4000（平均0．195 3），海拔对蚂蚁的物种分布有较大影响，坡向和海拔对蚂蚁群落分化具有重要作用。珠峰段蚂蚁物种丰富度总体较低，北坡和山间谷地栖息的物种较少，南坡的物种较多；蚂蚁群落的物种数目、个体密度、多样性指数和均匀度指数总体呈现随海拔升高而降低的基本规律，但在南坡中上部、中下部、下部出现3个峰值，分别为温带、中亚热带、南亚热带物种的聚集群，称之为多域效应现象。In order to reveal ant diversity law of the Himalaya Mountains, ant species diversity of 30 sample plotsfrom Mount Everest section （altitudes range from 1 840 m to 5 260 m）, were measured through sample -plot method. Atotal of 22 796 individuals, belonging to 3 subfamilies, 13 genera and 23 species, were recognized. The results showthat ： species numbers are 0 - 8 （ average of 1.9 species ） in each sample plot, individual densities are 0 - 1 254. 8heads/m2 （average of 107. 8 heads/m2） , diversity indexes are 0-1. 211 1 （average of 0. 278 3）, evenness indexes are0. 020 9 -0. 996 2 （average of O. 272 6） and dominant indexes are 0. 390 3 - 1.000 0 （average of 0. 599 3） ; similarity co-efficients between ant communities from north slope, mountain valley and south slope are 0. 091 0 - 0. 400 0 （average of0. 195 3）. Distribution of ant species is deeply influenced by altitude. Slope direction and altitude have important effectin ant community differentiation. We conclude that ant species richness of Mount Everest section is low, very few specieslives on north slope and mountain valley, more species dwells on south slope. Ant species number, individual density,diversity indexes and evenness indexes are basically decreasing with altitudes raising, but three index peaks appear atmid-upper, mid-lower, and lower potions of the south slope, where are inhabited by the assembles of temperate, mid-subtropical and south-subtropical species. We call this phenomenon multi-domain effect.

关 键 词：蚂蚁 物种多样性 群落相似性 喜马拉雅山 

分 类 号：S718.7[农业科学—林学]