清代陆路闭关政策要论——兼谈“以商制俄”问题  

On the Land Closed- door Policy of Qing Dynasty——the Restraint of Trade with Russia

作　　者：任翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学历史与旅游文化学院,呼和浩特010070

出　　处：《西伯利亚研究》2015年第6期85-92,共8页Siberian Studies

摘　　要：陆路闭关政策是清代闭关政策的重要组成部分。清廷为妥处中俄关系和应对内外威胁,坚持以政治利益为重,对俄政策经历了一个从"以商制俄"到厉行闭关的转换过程,中俄互市也随之呈现出由具有一定特殊性向受到严格限制的演变趋势。清朝主导下由中俄历次条约规制的协议体制是陆路闭关政策的实质所在。清廷有意将"以商制俄"因素纳入陆路闭关政策之中,诱迫俄国在清朝关切的政治利益上给予配合,故而陆路闭关政策也在一定范围内、一定程度上展现了灵活性。The land closed- door policy was an important part of closed- door policies of Qing dynasty. In order to deal with Sino- Russian relations and internal and external threats,Qing dynasty transformed the policy of from the restraint of trade with Russian to the strict closed- door policy,which caused Sino- Russian mutual trade to present the evolution from special treatment to strict restraints. The essence of the policy was protocol mechanism of all previous treaties. Qing dynasty intentionally incorporated the restraint of trade with Russia into the land closed- door policy,which forced Russia to concern political interests of Qing dynasty. Therefore,the land closed- door policy showed flexibility to a certain extent.

关 键 词：清朝 俄国 陆路闭关政策 贸易 

分 类 号：F752.949[经济管理—国际贸易]