纳米纤维素的制备及其对水性聚氨酯的增强作用  

Preparation of Nano-cellulose and Its Enhancements on Waterborne Polyurethane

作　　者：徐晨浩 王洁[1] 黄自知[1] 胡云楚[1] 袁利萍[2] 卿彦[2] 袁光明[2] 吴义强[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学理学院,湖南长沙410004 [2]中南林业科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《精细化工中间体》2015年第6期52-56,共5页Fine Chemical Intermediates

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31170521);林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201504503)

摘　　要：水性聚氨酯以水代替有机溶剂作为分散介质,在带来环境优势的同时降低了力学性能。在探索具有不同微观形貌和尺寸特征纳米纤维素制备技术基础上,研究纳米纤维素形态尺寸对水性聚氨酯的增强作用和机理。结果表明,联合使用机械剪切法和硫酸水解法,调节反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件,可以获得具有不同微观形貌和长度特征的纳米纤维素。当硫酸浓度60%、水解温度55℃、水解时间120 min时,制得纤维素平均长度为0.20μm,长度在10~100 nm范围内的纳米纤维素达到34%,平均直径约为20 nm,平均长径比为10∶1,纤维呈光滑细长飞梭状。乳化预聚体法制备的纤维素/水性聚氨酯乳液具有较好的储存稳定性,纤维素/水性聚氨酯复合薄膜硬度大幅度提高,拉伸强度达到25.41 MPa,相对于纯水性聚氨酯薄膜强度提高346%。Waterborne polyurethane using water as dispersing media replaced the organic solvent, which brings environmental advantage but reduces the mechanical properties. Based on the preparation technology of nano-cellulose with different morphology and size characteristics, this paper studies the enhancement function and mechanism of nano-cellulose with different morphology and size characteristics on waterborne polyurethane. By using mechanical shearing method together with sulphuric acid hydrolysis method, adjusting the reaction temperature and time, the nano-cellulose with different morphology and size characteristics were gained. The nano-cellulose were gained when the concentration of sulfated acid was 60% and hydrolysis at 55℃ for 120 min,the average length of obtained nano-cellulose was 0.2 μm, 34% length of nano-cellulose distributed range 10 ~100 nm, the average diameter was about 20 nm, the average length-to-diameter ratio was 10：1, all the nano-cellulose presented smooth and long shuttle shape. The nano-cellulose/waterborne polyurethane latex prepared using emulsion polymers method had good storage stability, and the hardness of nano-cellulose/waterborne polyurethane composite film had been greatly improved, the tensile strength reached 25.41 MPa increased 346% compared with pure waterborne polyurethane film.

关 键 词：纳米纤维素 形貌尺寸 水性聚氨酯 增强作用 

分 类 号：TB324[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]