营养生长期高温胁迫对水稻生育后期耐冷性的影响  

Effect of high temperature at vegetative stage on chilling tolerance of rice during reproductive period

作　　者：李岩[1] 刘明[1] 王高鹏[1] 李刚华[1] 刘正辉[1] 唐设 丁承强[1] 王绍华[1] 丁艳锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农学院/农业部南方作物生理生态重点开放实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2016年第1期10-17,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B05;2013BAD20B05;2011BAD16B14;2012BAD04B08);中央高校基本业务费重大专项(KYTZ201402)

摘　　要：[目的]探索营养生长期高温对水稻生育后期耐冷性的影响,为避免水稻低温冷害提供栽培指导。[方法]以耐冷性品种‘宁粳1号’和冷敏感品种‘扬稻6号’为材料,通过盆栽试验,比较营养生长期高温(日平均温度为32.4℃)处理对水稻在孕穗期、抽穗期低温胁迫下(孕穗期15℃恒温处理5 d;抽穗期17℃恒温处理7 d)叶片抗氧化酶(SOD、POD)活性、膜脂过氧化程度(MDA含量)、细胞膜透性变化(可溶性蛋白含量)以及低温胁迫后的花粉活力、产量及产量结构的影响。[结果]结果表明:营养生长期高温胁迫导致水稻地上部植株含氮量增加,含磷量有降低的趋势;水稻孕穗期和抽穗期低温胁迫下,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性升高,一定程度上抑制丙二醛积累;可溶性蛋白含量升高。相比于冷敏感品种‘扬稻6号’,耐冷性品种‘宁粳1号’叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性和可溶性蛋白的含量更高,丙二醛积累较少。经营养生长期高温处理,水稻在孕穗期、抽穗期低温胁迫后,丙二醛积累增加,上升趋势更加明显;超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性降低,可溶性蛋白含量减少,上升趋势减缓;结实率、产量显著降低。[结论]营养生长期高温显著降低了水稻生育后期的抗冷能力,主要表现在丙二醛积累增加,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性降低,可溶性蛋白的含量降低,花粉不育率显著升高,结实率降低,产量显著下降。[Objectives]This paper is to investigate the effect of high temperature at vegetative stage on chilling tolerance during reproductive period in rice,providing cultivation guidance for avoiding rice cold damage. [Methods]A cold-tolerant cultivar‘Ningjing 1＇and a cold-sensitive cultivar‘Yangdao 6＇were used by mainly measuring antioxidant enzyme activity（ SOD,POD）,membrane lipid peroxidation（ MDA） content,cell membrane permeability（ soluble protein）,pollen vitality,yield per pot and yield components under low temperature in the booting stage and heading stage（ booting stage 15 ℃ constant process 5 d; heading stage 17 ℃ constant temperature processing 7 d）. [Results]The results showed that the high temperature（ daily average temperature of 32. 4 ℃） stress during vegetative growth stage led to the increase of nitrogen content and reduced tendency of phosphorus content in rice shoot. Under cold stress,rice maintained higher SOD and POD activities,and led to a higher MDA and soluble protein content to a certain extent. Compared to the cold-sensitive varieties‘Yangdao 6＇,cold-tolerant cultivar‘Ningjing 1＇maintained higher SOD and POD activities and soluble protein content,and lower membrane lipid peroxidation content. The cultivars that experienced high temperature during vegetative growth maintained higher MDA accumulation and more obvious rising trend,lower SOD,POD activity and soluble protein content with slower upward trend,and significant lower setting rate and yield under cold stress in the booting stage and heading stage. All the cultivars that experienced high temperature during vegetative growth were more cold-sensitive during reproductive stage than that under the control,with higher MDA content,lower SOD,POD activity and soluble protein. [Conclusions]The high temperature during vegetative growth has an adverse impact on rice cold tolerance in reproductive period.

关 键 词：水稻 高温 营养生长期 生育后期 耐冷性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S311