柔克义与美国第一次庚款兴学  

W.W.Rockhill and U.S.Government's First Abandoning the Boxer Indemnity for Education

作　　者：崔志海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所,研究员北京100006

出　　处：《史学月刊》2016年第1期48-56,共9页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：柔克义是晚清中美关系史上一位难得的身兼汉学家的外交家，也是美国政府中促成第一次庚款兴学的关键人物之一。他在1901年代表美国政府参加《辛丑条约》谈判过程中就力主削减庚子赔款，随后又极力主持正义，反对列强因“镑亏”问题提出的还金要求，并推动美国率先退还部分赔款，在1905～1909年驻华公使任上代表美国政府，终将“庚款兴学”具体加以落实，促成清政府创办清华学堂。柔克义与美国第一次庚款兴学的关系，既体现了这位汉学家出身的外交家对发展中国教育事业情有独钟，也从一个侧面说明庚款兴学主要系出于美方的决策，是美国政府的主动行为。Rockhill was a rare diplomat who was also a sinologist in the history of Sino-American relations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.He played a key role in urging the U.S.Government to abandoning the Boxer Indemnity for China＇s education.As the delegate of the U.S.government,Rockhill participated the negotiation of the Treaty of 1901.He strongly urged to cut down the amount of Indemnity.After that,he tried to uphold justice once again,opposing the Powers＇ requirements of paying the Boxer Indemnity in gold because of the＂pound loss＂issue,and promoting the U.S.government to take the lead in abandoning part of the Boxer Indemnity.From 1905 to 1909,Rockhill was U.S.Minister to China,he finally implemented this policy and urged the Qing government to establish Tsinghua School.By examining the relations between Rockhill and U.S.Government＇s first abandoning the Boxer Indemnity for education,we can understand Rockhill＇s attention for developing China＇s education,and meanwhile it showed that abandoning the Boxer Indemnity for education was the U.S.government＇s decision and initiative action.

关 键 词：中美关系 柔克义 庚款兴学 

分 类 号：K837.12[历史地理—历史学]