基于ESEF的水生态承载力评估——以太湖流域湖州市为例  

MEASURING WATER ECOLOGICAL CARRYING CAPACITY WITH THE ECOSYSTEM-SERVICE-BASED ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT(ESEF) METHOD:AN APPLICATION IN HUZHOU CITY IN THE TAI LAKE BASIN

作　　者：焦雯珺[1] 闵庆文[1] 李文华[1] Anthony M.Fuller 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2016年第1期147-155,共9页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所"一三五"战略科技计划项目(2012ZD007);中国科学院外国专家特聘研究员计划项目(2013T2Z0011);中国博士后科学基金项目(2013M530710)~~

摘　　要：以基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF)为基础的水生态承载力评估方法,综合考虑了水量支撑、水质限定和水生态稳定三方面特征,从而实现了足迹方法对水生态系统承载能力的有效表征。然而,如何界定水产品、水资源和水污染足迹以及承载力之间的关系,是目前研究的重点和难点。以太湖流域上游湖州市为例,探讨了在考虑或不考虑水质标准与环境功能分类的情况下,如何利用求并集法或求平均值法进行基于ESEF的水生态承载力评估。研究表明,两种方法均反映出湖州市人们对水生态系统服务的消费需求超出了当地水生态系统的供给能力,需求与供给之间的差距对当地水生态系统的可持续性造成影响。综合考虑水产品供给、水量支撑和水质保障三方面因素,湖州市水生态系统可承载的人口与经济规模为现状水平的95%;如果增加对水质标准和环境功能分类的考虑,则湖州市水生态系统的承载能力仅为现状水平的79%。虽然求并集法的计算结果更有说服力,但是求平均值法则提供了在更小尺度上研究的可能。The Ecosystem-Service-based Ecological Footprint （ESEF） measures how much land and water area is required by a given population or activity to provide the required ecosystem services. It can be further extended according to the types of ecosystem services provided by land and water ecosystems such as resource supply and waste absorption services. The ESEF method is proposed to be the theoretical basis for the assessment of water ecological carrying capacity as an important step towards effectively evaluating water ecological carrying capacity with footprint methods. The Water Ecological Footprint is therefore put forward, which is comprised of aqua-product provision footprint, water supply footprint and waste absorption footprint. Correspondingly, Water Ecological Capacity is made up of aqua-product provision capacity, water supply capacity and waste absorption capacity. As they provide an integrated consideration of quantity support, quality limitation and ecological stability of aquatic ecosystems, the ESEF-based water ecological footprint and capacity are qualified to evaluate the carrying capacity of aquatic ecosystems through the comparison between them. However, it is an emphasis and also a difficulty for current researches to define the relation between footprints of aqua- product provision, water supply and waste absorption and that between their capacities. In this paper, the authors have constructed local models of water ecological footprint and capacity and applied these models to evaluate the water ecological carrying capacity in Huzhou City located in the upper reaches of the Tai Lake Basin. Two methods were used to define the relationship between different footprints as well as that between different capacities： the union method when water quality standards and environmental functions were taken into consideration and the averaging method when they were not considered. Both methods revealed that human demand for water ecosystem services in this city exceeded the supply capacity of local aquati

关 键 词：水生态承载力 水生态足迹 基于生态系统服务的生态足迹(ESEF) 水质标准与环境功能 求平均法 求并集法 太湖流域 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]