经济增长的根源:投资推动抑或消费拉动——一个思想史的梳理和辨析  

On the Source of Economic Growth:Investment Pushing or Consumption Pulling——A Review and Discussion from the Perspective of the History of Economics Thought

作　　者：朱富强[1] 朱鹏扬 

机构地区：[1]中山大学岭南学院,广东广州510275 [2]上海财经大学经济学院,上海200433

出　　处：《财经研究》2016年第2期50-62,共13页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学"十二五"规划项目(GD12CLJ02)

摘　　要：现代主流经济学不区分投资支出和消费支出,更不区分消费的不同类型,而是将所有支出都视为经济发展的动力,甚至将消费乃至奢侈性消费当作拉动经济增长的主要动力。与此不同,古典经济学将投资支出视为经济发展的根本,从而对奢侈性消费持强烈的批判态度。究其原因,古典经济学的研究对象是国家组织,核心议题是国民财富的增长,而组织运行的有效性和劳动生产率的提高都取决于社会分工水平和生产迂回程度,都以不断积累和投入的资本为基础。而现代主流经济学仅仅关注当下的个人福利或效用,仅仅关注已经存在的有效需求不足问题,从而看不到奢侈性消费和破坏性支出在本质上的浪费性和损坏性。同时,不同于凯恩斯主义经济学,古典经济学的投资支出依赖于没有消费掉的剩余产品及其在生产中的投入,而不是从民众中转移而来的税收或从未来转移而来的国债。因此,古典经济学的"投资推动增长论"有助于我们认识现代主流经济学无法解释的一系列社会经济现象,也能为"供给侧改革"提供理论基础。Modern mainstream economics does not make a distinguish between investment and consumption expenditures, and even between the different types of consumption; instead, it takes all kinds of expenditures as the driving force of economic development, and even regards consumption, especially luxury consumption, as the main power of pulling economic growth. In contrast, classical economics takes investment expenditures as the foundation of economic development, and thereby makes a strong critique on luxury consumption. As for the reason, classical economics takes national organization as its re search object, and the growth of national wealth as the core issue. Apparently, both the effectiveness of organization operation and the improvement of labor productivity depend on the level of social division of labor and the circuitous degree of the production, and are based on the continuous accumulation and input of capital. On the contrary, modern mainstream economics only pays attention to the personal welfare or utility at present, and only concerns about the insufficient effective demand that has already existed, so that it cannot realize that luxury consumption and destruction behavior is essentially featured by waste and spoilage. What＇s more, different from Keynes economics, investment expenditures in classical economics rely on the accumulation of surplus products and its production inputs, not on taxation transferred from the mass or national debts transferred from the future. Therefore, the view about growth pushed by investment in classical economics helps to understand a series of socio-economic phenomena that cannot be explained by modern mainstream economics, as well as to offer a solid theoretical foundation for ＂the supply-front reform＂.

关 键 词：消费拉动 投资推动 奢侈性消费 破窗理论 供给侧改革 

分 类 号：F061.2[经济管理—政治经济学] F091.33