2014年江苏省农村中小学卫生调查  

Survey on Jiangsu rural school sanitation

作　　者：于洋[1] 郑浩[1] 费娟[1] 何颖霞[1] 张琳昀[1] 陈晓东[1] 丁震[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省疾病预防控制中心环境疾病(地方病)防制所

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2016年第2期234-237,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：江苏省医学创新团队与领军人才(LJ201129)

摘　　要：目的客观评价2014年江苏省农村中小学环境卫生现状。方法按照简单随机抽样的方法从江苏省全部13个省辖市中选取13个县(市、区),65个乡镇,130所中小学,780个班级。调查学校供水情况、学校卫生保健和传染病管理情况、教室环境卫生情况和学生健康档案。结果 2014年,参与调查的130所中小学中,学校卫生专业技术人员配备率较低(30.77%);参与调查的780间中小学教室中,教室前排课桌前缘距前方黑板水平距离合格率较低(19.23%),小学的教室2种不同高低型号或可调式课桌椅配备率(55.64%)高于初中(43.59%);在收集到的522份学生健康档案中,初中生近视和沙眼阳性率(49.17%,2.44%)高于小学生(23.72%,1.59%),小学生龋齿、肥胖与营养不良阳性率(22.29%,9.92%)高于初中生(7.43%,8.74%),以上比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论2014年,江苏省农村中小学的环境卫生状况总体较好,但学校卫生专业技术人员配备率、教室内部的合理布局,中小学生近视、沙眼的预防是需要进一步重视的问题。Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the rural school environmental health in Jiangsu province in 2014. Methods Simple random sampling was used to select 13 counties, 65 towns, 130 schools, and 780 classrooms from 13 cities in Jiangsu province. The school water supply, health care and disease management, classroom environment health, and student health records were investigated. Results In 130 schools, the rate of school professional medical worker was low （30.77%）. In 780 classrooms, the qualified rate of distance from front desk to blackboard was low （19.23%）. The qualified rate of desks and chairs was higher in primary school （55.64%） than that in junior high school （43.59%）. In 522 student health records, the positive rates of myopia and trachoma were both higher in junior high school （49.17%, 2.44%） than those in primary school （23.72%, 1.59%）. The positive rates of decayed tooth and obesity or malnutrition were both higher in primary school （22.29%, 9.92%） than those in junior high school （7.43%, 8.74%）. All the comparison above had statistical significance （P〈0.01）. Conclusion Rural primary＂ and secondary school sanitation in Jiangsu province was fine overall. The number of school professional medical worker, the overall rational layout of the classroom still needs to be improved. The prevention of myopia and trachoma needs to more attention be paid.

关 键 词：农村 初中 小学 教室卫生 学生健康档案 

分 类 号：R127[医药卫生—环境卫生学]