不完全竞争的收入分配效应研究——一个融合产品—劳动力市场的视角  

Income Distribution Effects of Imperfect Competition——A Product-labour Joint Market Structure Perspective

作　　者：简泽[1,2] 黎德福[3] 沈筠彬 吕大国[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学产业经济研究院,江西南昌330013 [2]江西财经大学规制研究中心,江西南昌330013 [3]同济大学经济与管理学院,上海200092

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2016年第1期21-36,共16页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区项目"利润侵蚀工资:不完全竞争的收入分配效应研究"(批准号71563013);教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目"我国跨企业的资源错配问题研究:基于金融扭曲的视角"(批准号13YJA790036)

摘　　要：劳动报酬偏离劳动在生产中的贡献是当前收入分配的一个突出问题。现有研究认为,企业内部权力分配的资本偏向是劳动收入份额偏低的根源。本文从企业外部不完全竞争的市场结构出发,将产品市场和劳动力市场结合起来,提供了一个理解劳动报酬偏离劳动贡献的新视角。研究发现,在中国工业部门的绝大多数产业里,产品市场是不完全竞争的,同时,劳动力市场具有讨价还价的特征,作为雇主的企业处于支配地位。在这种联合市场结构下,产品市场的不完全竞争产生了很高的垄断租金。由于劳动者讨价还价的能力很弱,所以,大部分的垄断租金转化为企业利润,从而造成了劳动报酬对劳动贡献的偏离。这些结果表明,在一个市场不完善的环境下,企业在产品市场和劳动力市场上的市场势力扭曲了劳动报酬与劳动贡献之间的关系,从而造成了偏低的劳动收入份额。因此,推动产品市场的竞争和提高劳动者在劳动力市场上讨价还价的能力成为促进收入公正分配与共享发展的关键。The gap between real compensation and labor productivity has become a prominent issue of China＇s income distribution. The hterature documents that the capital-biased distribution of power within firms determines a low labor share of income. In contrast, starting from the imperfectly competitive market structure outside firms, this paper provides a new explanation on the compensation-productivity gap. With the joint market perspective, findings are as follows. In most Chinese industries, the product markets are imperfectly competitive, and labor markets can be characterized as bargaining where employers are dominant. In this joint market structure, the imperfect competitive product market generates monopoly rents. Because the workers＇ bargaining power is weak, most of the monopoly rent is captured by capitalists, which induces a low labor share. These findings demonstrate that the market power of firms in both product and labor markets distorts the relationship between labor compensation and contribution, and leads to the lower labor share. Therefore, the competition promotion on the joint product-input market is the key to improve the income distribution.

关 键 词：不完全竞争 垄断租金 租金分配 劳动收入份额 

分 类 号：F260[经济管理—国民经济]