行政垄断与要素价格扭曲——基于中国工业全行业数据与内生性视角的实证检验  

Administrative Monopoly and China's Factor-Price Distortions——An Empirical Test Based on the Whole Industry Data and the Endogenous Perspective

作　　者：陈林[1,2] 罗莉娅 康妮[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学产业经济研究院,广东广州510632 [2]广州市自由贸易试验区研究基地,广东广州510632 [3]汇添富基金管理有限公司,上海200120

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2016年第1期52-66,共15页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"行政垄断产业的政府管制体系研究"(批准号71203078);国家自然科学基金重点项目"推动经济发达地区产业转型升级的机制与政策研究"(批准号71333007);教育部哲学社会科学重大课题攻关项目"进一步扩大服务业开放的模式和路径研究"(批准号14JZD021)

摘　　要：政府干预与要素市场之间的关系是近期学界的热点。有研究发现,政府对市场准入的干预(即所谓的行政垄断)在其中扮演了重要角色。但中国式市场准入规制中的行政审批程序包含较大的自由裁量权,而要素市场扭曲、行政垄断又与经济系统之间存在明显的内生性问题。为更好地寻找行政垄断制度的代理变量并控制内生性问题,本文首先使用1998—2007年中国172个工业行业的企业层面大数据,测算出国有与民营部门之间的要素价格相对扭曲程度,然后运用面板工具变量模型,对行政垄断与要素市场扭曲的统计关系进行检验。结果显示,中国工业经济的市场价格扭曲现象客观存在——资本价格扭曲呈先降后升的"U"型态势,劳动价格扭曲则呈直线上升态势,同时行政垄断行业具有鲜明的资本价格偏低和劳动价格偏高的特征。从统计关系上看,行政垄断与要素价格扭曲显著正相关,即行政垄断在一定程度上引致了中国工业经济的要素价格扭曲问题。The relationship between administrative monopoly and factor-price distortions has become a hot topic in recent research. Some researches show that government plays an important role in the intervention of market access （also called administrative monopoly）. But in China, administrative licensing procedures of regulations in market access contain certain discretion, and there exist endogenous problems among factor-price distortions, administrative monopoly and economic system obviously. In order to analyze the origin and evolution tendency of distortions, this paper uses the Chinese industrial enterprise database from 1998 to 2007 in 172 industries, measuring the relative distortions of factor-price between state sector and private sector, and then uses panel instrumental variable method to conduct empirical tests for administrative monopoly and factor-price distortions. The results show that, the distortions do exist and the distortion of capital factor-price shows a ＂U＂ type. Distortion of label factor-price presents a tendency of straight climb. At the same time, industries that exist administrative monopoly have distinct characteristics of low capital price and high labor price. To some extent, administrative monopoly leads to the distortions of China＇s industrial factor prices.

关 键 词：行政垄断 要素价格扭曲 内生性问题 面板Probit 工具变量 

分 类 号：F421[经济管理—产业经济]