中华蜜蜂对红皮红肉火龙果授粉初探  

Pollination for Hylocereus undulatus Britt by Apis cernana cernana

作　　者：林黎 韦小平 徐祖荫 何成文 简学群 孙秋 

机构地区：[1]贵州省现代农业发展研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省罗甸县农牧局,贵州罗甸557600

出　　处：《蜜蜂杂志》2016年第2期3-6,共4页Journal of Bee

基　　金：国家自科基金项目2011(71263012):西南喀斯特石漠化成因的文化驱动机制研究;黔农科院院专项2013(020)号:贵州麻山石漠化地区中华蜂保育研究

摘　　要：红皮红肉火龙果产业发展快,授粉是其高产的关键技术之一。人工授粉可以达到较高的授粉成功率,但是对日趋紧张的劳动力资源造成压力。对中华蜜蜂为红皮红肉火龙果授粉进行探讨,不仅可以为蜜蜂授粉业填补空缺,还可以为火龙果授粉难提供解决问题的新思路。研究结果表明,因中华蜜蜂可利用的有效授粉时间短,火龙果花柱头较长,离雄蕊距离较长等因素,中华蜜蜂对火龙果授粉效益显著低于人工授粉;然而,经过对火龙果花冠人工套环和利用糖水溶液对中华蜜蜂进行人工诱导上花,可以显著提高中华蜜蜂对火龙果授粉的坐果率;利用一定条件的人工诱导,中华蜜蜂授粉甚至可以达到与人工授粉相当的授粉成功率和市场效益。利用中华蜜蜂为红皮红肉火龙果授粉,仍然具有较大的发展潜力和广阔的市场前景。Based on the rapid development of Hylocereus undulatus Britt industry, how to overcome the pollination obstacles attracts the most attention. Artificial pollination could hold a high percentage of successful fruit for Hylocereus undulatus Britt. However, the highly demanded human workload challenged this traditional pollination method. Thus, not only could researches on the pollination for Hylocereus undulatus Britt by local Apis cernana cernana provide innovative pollination techniques, but also make accounts for the pollination industry. The results showed that pollination by Apis cernana cernana was not efficient enough because of the shortage of effective pollination time and the relatively longer gynoecium. Whereas, artificial hoops on the Hylocereus undulates Britt corolla, or induction using sugar solution before the pollination could significantly increase the pollination efficiency. Furthermore, using such methods could even achieve an equivalent substantial percentage of successful fruit and economic profits compared with artificial pollination. Pollination for Hylocereus undulates Britt by Apis cernana cerna still hods high potential and economic prospect.

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 红皮红肉火龙果 授粉 坐果率 

分 类 号：S897.1[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] S667.9[农业科学—畜牧兽医]