腐熟堆肥为滤料的生物滤池对堆肥气中NH_3的去除效果  

Effect of mature compost biofilter on removal efficiency of NH_3 produced during composting

作　　者：袁京[1] 杜龙龙[1] 张智烨[1] 李国学[1] 张地方 江滔[2] 杨青原[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]乐山师范学院,化学学院,四川乐山614004

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第1期164-171,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41275161,41201282);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划循环农业项目课题(2012BAD14B16);中小企业发展专项资金中欧国际合作项目(SQ2013ZOA000008)

摘　　要：为了研究腐熟堆肥作为生物滤池滤料对好氧堆肥过程中产生的NH_3的定量化去除效果,实验设计了将生物滤料进行灭菌和不灭菌两个处理,通过滤池对NH_3的去除率以及滤料物理化学性质的变化,分析腐熟堆肥作为生物滤料对于NH_3的去除机理以及定量化物理吸附作用和微生物转化作用的贡献大小。结果表明,腐熟堆肥作为生物滤料,在一定的滤池高度下可100%去除NH_3。在对NH_3的去除过程中,腐熟堆肥物理吸附作用贡献率为75%~80%,微生物转化作用的贡献率为10%~25%。NH_3在生物滤池中先通过物理吸附作用以铵态氮的形式被固定,然后经微生物转化为硝态氮。滤池最底部滤料承担着去除NH_3的主要作用,随着滤池高度的增加,滤料对NH_3的累积去除量逐渐减少。滤池不同高度与NH_3累积排放量的关系可用拟合方程表示,通过方程计算可知:对于灭菌的滤料,当滤池高度为50 cm时,NH_3去除率可接近100%;而未灭菌的腐熟堆肥滤料仅25 cm高度就可完全去除NH_3。腐熟堆肥∶砂土=4∶6(湿基质量比)混合而成的生物滤料,经过28 d的过滤处理后,滤料未发生酸化现象。Biofiltration is an effective technique to mitigate gaseous emissions. Mature compost may absorb gases emitted from composting piles. Diverse bacteria acclimated in mature compost may also contribute to the mitigation of NH3 emissions. In this study, a quantitaliw, contribution of adsorption capacity and microbial activity of biofiher to NH3 removal efficiencies was examined using a mature compost as biofihration material. Results showed that the mature compost as a biofihration material removed 100% NH3 via its high adsorption capacity and acclimated bacteria. Adsorption played the main role in NH3 removal, accounting for 75%-80% of total removal. Microbial activity in the mature compost contributed 10%-25%. Ammonia was adsorbed physically by the un-sterilized biofilter, and was then converted to NO^- N by nitrifying bacteria. Most NH3 was removed by the packing material at the bottom of biofiher. Cumulative NH3 emissions reduced gradu- ally along with increasing biofilter thickness. The relationship between cumulative NH3 emission （y） and thickness of biofiher （x） was ex- pressed as y=7 727.4e~＇~ for non-sterilized biofiher （R2=0.983 9） and y=4 060.6e~＇j~ for sterilized biofilter （R2=0.991 5 ）. In non-steril- ized treatment, biofiher of 25 cm thick could remove NH3 completely, while in sterilized treatment, the biofiher thickness to remove NH3 was 50 cm. No acidification was detected in a mixture of mature compost and sand at 4：6 at the end 28 day experiment. The present study indi- cates that using mature compost as biofiher is a suitable approach to mitigating NH3 emissions during composting.

关 键 词：生物过滤 腐熟堆肥 氨气 细菌 物理吸附 去除率 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]