再议上海市中心城区公共绿地分布的社会绩效评价:从社会公平到社会正义  

An Evaluation of Social Performance in the Distribution of Urban Parks in the Central City of Shanghai:From Social Equity to Social Justice

作　　者：唐子来[1] 顾姝 

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室 [2]中国城市规划设计研究院上海分院

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2016年第1期15-21,共7页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目:基于社会公平正义理念的大城市公共设施规划绩效评价方法:以上海城市轨道交通网络为例(批准号:51378361)

摘　　要：以上海市中心城区公共绿地分布为例,继社会公平绩效评价的基尼系数方法之后,文章又提出了社会正义绩效评价的份额指教方法,由此形成城市基本公共服务设施分布的社会绩效评价方法体系。研究显示,在上海市中心城区公共绿地分布中,老龄群体享有公共绿地资源的份额指数略低于社会平均份额,而外来低收入群体享有公共绿地资源的份额指数略高于社会平均份额,总体而言,公共绿地分布的社会正义绩效处于合理区间。社会正义绩效的空间格局表明,基本公共服务设施分布的社会正义绩效与特定社会群体的空间分布相关。城市社会空间分异越是显著,基本公共服务设施分布的社会公平绩效和社会正义绩效之间差异也会趋于显著。城市社会空间极化的不断加剧趋势对于基本公共服务设施分布兼顾社会公平绩效和社会正义绩效提出了挑战。Inspired by the use of Gini coefficient in the evaluation of social equi- ty performance, the paper constructs a share index in the evaluation of the distri- bution of urban parks in the central city of Shanghai. The approach provides a framework for assessing the fairness of urban service provision. The research re- veals that the share of urban parks by senior residents is slightly lower than the average for all residents, while that by low-income migrant workers is slightly higher than the average, indicating the overall fair distribution of urban parks. As indicated in the distribution of urban parks, the social justice performance in terms of urban public service provision is closely related with the shares enjoyed by special social groups. Higher spatial inequality implies higher social justice per- formance. The increasing process of urban social-spatial polarization generates a great challenge to urban public services provision.

关 键 词：公共绿地分布 社会绩效 社会公平 社会正义 上海市中心城区 

分 类 号：TU985.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]