调节植烟土壤酸度防控烤烟青枯病  

The prevention and control of tobacco bacterial wilt by regulating soil acidity

作　　者：施河丽[1] 向必坤[1] 彭五星[1] 高艳波[1] 谭军[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2015年第6期50-53,共4页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重点项目"‘清江源’生态富硒特色烟叶生产关键技术研究与应用"(合同号:110201202014);湖北省烟草公司项目"烟草青枯病病原菌生物学特性及综合防控技术研究与示范"(合同号:027Y2013-002);湖北省烟草公司项目"湖北省烟田酸化机理及修复治理关键性技术研究与应用"(合同号:027Y2012-081)

摘　　要：针对植烟土壤退化、微生态环境失衡和青枯病为害严重等问题,设置了石灰1500kg/hm^2、草木灰18000kg/hm^2和煤炭灰18000kg/hm^2三种土壤改良剂对植烟土壤进行修复。分析植烟土壤p H值、交换性酸总量、细菌、真菌、放线菌和青枯病病原菌变化及调查各处理青枯病的发病情况,探索不同土壤改良剂对植烟土壤修复及对青枯病防控效果的影响。结果表明,移栽后120天,石灰、草木灰和煤炭灰处理的植烟土壤p H值较CK分别提高了8.85%、17.28%和7.61%;放线菌数量分别较CK增加了126.57%、125.87%和185.31%;青枯菌数量分别较CK降低了25.15%、46.81%和14.11%;移栽后90天为青枯病发病高峰期,石灰、草木灰和煤炭灰处理对青枯病的相对防效分别为49.30%、69.02%和16.90%。综合研究表明,3种土壤改良剂对植烟土壤修复及烟草青枯病防控均有一定的效果,且以草木灰18000kg/hm^2效果最佳,其次为石灰1500kg/hm2。In order to repair tobacco growing soil, 1500 kg/hm2 lime, 18000 kg/hm2 plant ash and 18000 kg/hm2 coal ash were applied. Parametors such as soil pH value, total EA, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and pathogenic changes and incidence of bacterial wilt were analyzed. Effect of different soil amendments on tobacco soil remediation and prevetion of bacterial wilt was explored. Results showed that, 120d after transplanting, pH value in tobacco soil treated with lime, plant ash and coal ash increased by 8.85%, 17.28% and 7.61% respectively, while actinomycetes increased by 126.57%, 125.87% and 185.31% and the number of Ralstonia solanacearum decreased by 25.15%, 46.81% and 14.11% after tansplanting 90d when tobacco was most susceptible to bacterial wilt. The control effect of lime, plant ash and coal ash treatment on bacterial wilt was 49.30%, 69.02% and 16.90% respectively. It is concluded that soil amendments have certain effect on soil repair and control of bacterial wilt disease.

关 键 词：土壤改良剂 PH值 青枯病 烟草 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]