影响冰核细菌成冰活性的因素研究  

FACTORS AFFECTING ICE NUCLEATION ACTIVITY OF INA BACTERIA

作　　者：孙福在[1] 朱红[1] 何礼远[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1991年第3期57-64,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：采用Vali小滴冻结法,定量定性测定了8种因素对INA细菌成冰活性的影响,结果表明:INA细菌浓度为5×10~2-5×10~8个/ml细菌,温度为-2℃-7℃范围内,当温度一定时,菌液浓度越高成冰活性越强;当菌液浓度一定时,温度越低成冰活性越强。冰核细菌最佳培养温度为20℃左右,25℃以上成冰活性逐渐降低。冰核细菌在4℃下保存20天成冰活性稳定不变,25℃以上时,温度越高成冰活性丧失越快。培养基组份不同,其成冰活性亦不同,若含有甘油或蔗糖组份,可增加成冰活性。用波长254nm紫外线照射INA细菌苗液1—30分钟,对其成冰活性和杀灭作用的影响大小,与照射时间长短成正相关,若照射30分钟时,不仅INA细菌全部丧失成冰活性,而且也全被杀死。1%的胃蛋白酶能极显著地破坏成冰活性pH2.0或pH4.0的酸性溶液和pH10的碱性溶液,都能破坏成冰活性。3种抗菌素都能杀死INA细菌,但不一定能破坏成冰活性,如对丁香假单胞菌(P.S)的成冰活性几乎毫无影响。凡是含有铜类、硫类和脲类的杀菌剂以及重金属盐类、氯仿和乙醚都具有破坏INA细菌成冰活性的作用。The ice nucleation activity of INA bacteria increased as the concentration of bacterial suspension increaed or temperature decreased. Above 25℃,the activity of the bacteria declined as the temperature of incubation increased. So the optimum temperature for culture was 20℃. The bacterial suspension could be stored for 20 days at 4℃ without losing of the activity, but at 25℃ to 37℃ the activity lost quickly. The ingredients of the media were responsible for the activity of the bacteria. The results show that the best media for the bacteria to incite ice formation were NA+sucrose, NAG and KB. and glycerol or sucrose in the media could increase the ice formation ability. The effect of violet ray of 254nm on the acincreasetivity of the bacteria incresed as the time increased from I to 30 minutes. Treating for 30minutes, the violet ray destroyed the activity of the bacteria completely and killed all cells. The activity of the bacteria could also be destroyed seriously by 1% pepsin, the acid solution of pH2, pH4 and alkali solution of pill0. All the 3 antibiotics tested could kill the cells and destroy the activity of Erwinia herbicola partly, but some of them had no effect on the activity of Pseudomonas Syringae.The bactericides which contain copper, sulfur or carbamide and heavy-metal salts, chloroform and ethyl ether could destroy the activity of the bacteria.

关 键 词：冰核细菌 冰核活性 

分 类 号：S432.42[农业科学—植物病理学]