西南干热河谷区旱地玉米不同覆盖保水栽培措施的水分效应  

Water Effects of Different Mulching Cultivation Treatments of Dry-land Maize in Southwest Dry-hot Valley

作　　者：胡兵辉[1] 王维[2] 张红芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学计算机与信息学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2015年第6期2455-2459,共5页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31201173);云南省高校优势特色重点学科(生态学)建设项目;西南林业大学科研启动基金项目(111116)

摘　　要：在西南干热河谷地区进行旱地玉米覆盖保水栽培试验,研究其水分效应。结果表明,秸秆、地膜覆盖有明显增加和保蓄土壤水的作用,秸秆地膜二元覆盖的作用更为显著,根区成为作物耗水与土壤保蓄水的关键区域,农田水分变化沿土层可划分为3个层次,即：0~30 cm土层为土壤水分变化活跃层和土壤贮水增加显著层、30~80 cm土层为土壤水分变化次活跃层和土壤贮水增加明显层、80~100 cm土层为土壤水分变化相对稳定层和土壤贮水增加一般层,且覆盖栽培可促进作物耗水量由田间无效蒸发耗水向有效的田间作物蒸腾耗水转化,使农田水分的有效性显著提升。由此,研究本区旱地玉米不同覆盖保水栽培措施的水分效应,可为提高本区甚至西南高原季节性旱区旱作农田的水分利用效率和水分生产潜力服务。Based on mulching cultivation experiments of dry-land maize in southwest dry-hot valley,the water effects of different treatments were studied. The results showed that straw and plastic film mulching played a very important role in increase and reserve soil water,the dual mulching mode of plastic film and straw displayed more prominent function,root region was proved to be key region on crop consuming water and soil reserving water,the changes of farmland water were divided into 3 layers,0- 30 cm soil layer was the active change layer of soil water and the prominent increase layer of soil reserving water,30- 80 cm soil layer was the subordinate active change layer of soil water and the subordinate prominent increase layer of soil reserving water,80- 100 cm soil layer was the relative steady change layer of soil water and the relative general increase layer of soil reserving water,furthermore,mulching cultivation could impel the crop consuming water conversion into effective crop rising consuming water from useless evaporation consuming water,and the availability of farmland water was promoted clearly.Thus,the study on water effects of different mulching cultivation treatments in dry-land maize would serve for enhancement on water use efficiency and water production potentiality in southwest dry-hot valley or seasonal arid area of southwest plateau.

关 键 词：旱地玉米 保水栽培 水分效应 干热河谷区 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]