校车儿童乘员约束系统的参数优化研究  

Research on optimizing parameters of children occupant restraint system for school bus

作　　者：葛如海[1] 洪志福 管军[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2015年第11期10-15,共6页China Safety Science Journal

摘　　要：为预防校车正面碰撞对儿童乘员的伤害,有必要分析和优化校车儿童乘员约束系统(CRS)参数。首先利用多刚体动力学分析软件(MADYMO),建立包括地板、前后排座椅、安全带与6岁儿童假人在内的校车乘员正面碰撞仿真模型。根据某型客车实车试验结果,验证模型的有效性。通过分析CRS参数的灵敏度,确定主要影响参数。采用正交试验的设计方法进行主要影响参数的正交优化;应用极差分析方法,得到一组最佳水平组合数据;对改进后的模型进行仿真计算,并与原模型比较。结果表明,经过优化的CRS能使6岁乘员的头部和胸部伤害指标都下降20%左右,并使伤害曲线变得更加平缓。For the sake of avoiding injuries to children occupants on frontal collision of school bus,parameters of CRS should be studied and optimized. Firstly,a school bus occupant restraint system model,including floor,seats,lap belt and 6-year-old child dummy,was established in MADYMO,and verified by sled test results. Based on which,a sensitivity analysis was made for the parameters of restraint system in order to identify parameters having a significant effect on the injuries. Finally,main influencing parameters were optimized by using experimental method of orthogonal optimization. An optimal level combination was obtained by using the analytical method of range. The improved model was simulated and compared with the original one. The results show that all the values of indexes of injuries to head and thorax are reduced by about 20%,and the injury curve becomes smother.

关 键 词：校车正面碰撞 多刚体动力学分析软件(MADYMO) 仿真分析 儿童乘员约束系统(CRS) 正交优化 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]