国号与“国人”——石勒的政治取向与胡人地位的法制化  

The State Title and Citizenship: Shi Le's Political Orientation and the Legalization of Huns' Status

作　　者：吴洪琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学中国西部边疆研究院

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2016年第1期132-139,190-191,共8页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目(13BMZ018)

摘　　要：十六国时期羯人石勒建立政权时,顺应中国传统文化选择"赵"为国号,既体现了石勒的政治取向,也表明了与刘曜前"赵"政权决裂并与之争正统的意图与决心,但在民族身份的选择上,石勒等人却具有非常鲜明的个性特点。与内迁民族大多攀附华夏远祖不同,他非常高调地自名为"胡",下令号胡人为具有一定政治权利的"国人",第一次以法律的形式将胡人的政治地位制度化;与此同时,也重禁胡人"不得侮易衣冠华族"。石勒对胡、汉双方的约束,充分体现了他的民族平等思想。刘渊、石勒等内迁民族在中原地区建立的政权,冲破了中国传统思想中"胡人不能为帝王"的藩篱,但内迁胡族的社会地位仍旧不高,贬抑胡人的现象普遍存在,故而石氏对于有污名化倾向的"胡"之称谓又刻意回避,将胡物改名,从而有了史书"讳胡尤峻"的记载。Shi Le chose Zhao as his state title to comply with Chinese traditional culture when he established the regime in the Sixteen State Period,which displays his political orientation as well as his intention and determination to break up with Liu Yao and contest for the legitimacy of the government. Shi Le and his followers showed a distinctive character in dealing with national identity. They called themselves as'Hu'and ordered that their folks should be regarded as citizens with equal political rights as Han Chinese. It was the first time that Huns' political status was institutionalized. M eanwhile,it is forbidden to insult Huaxia Ethnic groups. The constraint for both Huns and Han embodies his ideas of national equality. The regime established by Liu Yuan and Shi Le has broken the Chinese convention that Huns could never be the emperor. However,the status of Huns has not been appreciably improved yet and the phenomenon that Huns were not respected still existed. Shi intentionally avoided naming things with 'Hu',which originally meant'barbarian',and this is documented in the historical record.

关 键 词：国号 国人 石勒 政治取向 胡人 

分 类 号：K238[历史地理—历史学]