野生型和栽培型马齿苋的种源鉴定及生物学特性与生态适应性比较  

Provenance Identification and Comparison of Biological Characteristics and Ecological Adaptabilities Between the Wild and Cultivated Types of Purslane

作　　者：杜建梅[1] 云晶晶 杨颜颜 张利娟[1] 胡卫成[2] 陆长梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210023 [2]江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室(淮阴师范学院),江苏淮安223300

出　　处：《种子》2016年第1期6-10,14,共6页Seed

基　　金：国家基础科学人才培养基金(编号:J 1210025);江苏省环洪泽湖生态农业生物技术重点实验室开放课题(编号:HZHL 1504);江苏省大学生创新项目资助

摘　　要：马齿苋种子为小种子,野生型的种子更小,千粒重仅为栽培型的1/6;两者种皮均具纹饰,野生型种子的正面纹饰和侧面瘤状突起较栽培型种子的更加规则整齐。根据种子大小和表面纹饰形态比对Danin的检索表,将本研究涉及的野生型马齿苋归为Portulaca granulatostellulata(Poelln.)C.Ricceri et P.V.Arrigoni亚种(4N=36),栽培型马齿苋归到Portulaca edulis Danin&Bagella亚种(6N=54)。马齿苋种子萌发迅速,但栽培型种子萌发更加迅速整齐;野生型植株匍匐生长,主侧枝区分不明显,叶、花、果实和种子均较栽培型小;栽培型植株直立,主侧枝区分明显;两者均可行有性生殖,且均可闭花传粉受精,但栽培型植株单株花苞数少,每一花苞内种子数少,显示其有性生殖能力相对较弱。野生型马齿苋种子更小、萌发不整齐、种子量大等特性提示其在形成地下种子库、躲避灾难性逆境的能力更强,更适于生态修复;而栽培型马齿苋的种子萌发迅速整齐、株型直立等特性更有利于其迅速建群,并在农业生产上应有更大的发展空间。Purslane seeds are small seeds,and the wild type＇s are smaller with their 1 000 grain weight being only 1/6 of the cultivated type. Both seed coats have decorations, and the decorations on the cultivated types＇ are more regular.According to the Danin＇s search table which based on seed size and decorations,the wild type purslane related in this paper was classified as the subspecies Portulaca granulatostellulata （Poelln.）C. Riceeri et PV Arrigoni （4 N = 36）, and the cultivated purslane was classified as the subspecies Portulaca edulis Danin ＆ Bagella subspecies （6 N=54）.Purslane seeds germinate quickly, and the cultivated type germinate more quickly and more tidy; the wild-type plants grow prostrate with unapparent distinguished main and lateral stems, and their leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds are smaller than those of the cultivated type;the cultivated plants stand upright and their main and collateral stems distinguished clearly. Both plants can reproduce sexually and can finish pollination and fertilization in closed flowers, but the flower numbers per plant and the seed numbers per fruit of the cultivated plants are less, showing its relatively weak sexual reproduction activity. Smaller size, large quantity and irregular germination of the wild type purslane seeds suggest that theirabilities to form soil seed bank and to avoid catastr suitable for ecological restoration＇ while the cultivate nation and upright stems can colonize rapidly and production. ophic adversity are stronger and the d purslane with the characteristics of have more Broad prospects in the y are more fast germi- agricultural

关 键 词：马齿苋 栽培型 野生型 种源 生物学特性 生态适应性 

分 类 号：Q94[生物学—植物学]