4种百合科药用植物叶表皮与花粉的扫描电镜观察  

SEM Observation of Four Medicinal Plants' Pollen and Their Leaves in Different Genus of Liliaceae

作　　者：秦素平[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院分析测试中心,河北秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报》2015年第4期23-27,共5页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology

摘　　要：为了解百合科药用植物叶表皮及花粉的形态,应用扫描电子显微镜对4种多年生药用草本植物吊兰、黄花菜、卷丹和紫萼玉簪的叶表皮及花粉进行了观察。结果表明,4种植物叶片的上下表皮都由一层排列紧密不同形态的细胞组成。吊兰和卷丹的气孔只分布于叶片下表皮,而黄花菜和紫萼玉簪的气孔分布于叶片上下表皮。垂周壁式样分为平直、隆起和波浪状等3种;平周壁式样分为光滑、条纹状、中间突起等3种。4种植物花粉粒均呈舟形,远极单萌发沟,极赤比均超过2.00,均为超长球形花粉粒。黄花菜和卷丹花粉外壁均为网状,吊兰花粉外壁具有许多小孔,而紫萼玉簪花粉外壁具有许多瘤状突起。百合科不同属药用植物叶片的气孔密度相差很大;花粉粒外壁纹饰差别也很大。Scanning electron microscope was used to observe both pollen and leaves of four Liliaceae medicinal plants including bracketplant,day lily,tiger lily and hosta ventricosa. The epicutide and hypodermis of all four plants were composed of a lay of tight-arrayed cells with diverse shapes. The stoma of bracketplant and tiger lily was only found in the foliar hypodermis,while the stoma of day lily and hosta ventricosa in both epicutide and hypodermis. The type of anticlinal walls was cataloged into up-right,apophysis and wavilness while the kind of periclinal walls into smoothness,striation and mid-apophysis,respectively. The pollen grain of all four plants displayed navicular,the type of aperture was monocolpate at the distal,and the average P / E surpassed 2. 00,therefore,all four plants’ grains belonged to super-spheroidal type. The pollen surface ornamentation of day lily and tiger lily was netted with columellate while that of bracketplant possessed a lot of tiny pores and that of hosta vertricosa had many strumaes. There existed some differences in the densities of foliar stoma of four medicinal plants in liliaceae,as well as the surface ornamentation of pollen grains.

关 键 词：药用植物 百合科 叶表皮气孔 花粉形态 

分 类 号：S567.239.01[农业科学—中草药栽培]