干旱、半干旱区平原水库对坝后盐渍化的影响  

On the Effects of Reservoirs in Plain Area to Soil Salinization in Arid and Semi-arid Area

作　　者：毛海涛[1,2,3] 樊哲超[1] 何华祥 邵东国[3] 王晓菊 

机构地区：[1]重庆三峡学院土木工程学院,重庆万州404100 [2]重庆三峡水利电力集团股份有限公司,重庆万州404100 [3]武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2016年第1期74-79,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51309262);重庆三峡学院重点项目(12ZD20)资助

摘　　要：为了农业灌溉,干旱、半干旱区修建大量的平原水库,坝基多位于第四纪松散深厚覆盖层上,深厚覆盖层地基上平原水库的渗漏引起坝后地下水位抬升,造成水库下游大面积土地盐渍化,使许多土地减产甚至弃耕。通过对代表性平原水库的监测,分析水库对坝后地下水临界水位的影响程度,进而分析防渗措施的型式。利用有限元计算了深厚覆盖层透水坝基垂直防渗墙和水平铺盖时,坝基渗流量与防渗体尺寸的关系,并联合坝后排水体进行综合控制地下水临界水位,推导出控制地下水临界水位的水库防渗体尺寸计算公式。结合工程实例计算表明,选择合理的防渗体型式并结合排渗体联合控渗,可以从源头上控制坝基的渗漏量,使坝后地下水位控制在临界水位以下,防治坝后土壤的次生盐渍化问题。There was a lot of plain reservoirs in northwest of arid and semi-arid area for agricultural irrigation,needless to say,the plain reservoir played an irreplaceable role in the national production and daily life,but there were also many urgent ecological environment problems need to solve. Leakage problem of the plain reservoir uplifted the underground water level behind the dam,a large area of land was salinization,which led to the output reduction and abandoned cultivation severely. This paper focus on the perspective seepage of reservoir using the finite element model to calculate the relationship between dam foundation seepage discharge and impervious body size of the permeable dam foundation with vertical anti-seepage wall and horizontal bedding. The critical groundwater level was controlled comprehensively with the combination of the drainage body and the impervious body size calculation formula was derived for controlling the critical groundwater level of reservoir. Combined with the engineering example of calculation shows that,as long as the choice of reasonable impervious body type and water seepage drainage body,leakage can be completely controlled from the foundation head,the dam underground water level could be controlled at the critical level,secondary salinization prevention of soil dam could be conducted gradually.

关 键 词：平原水库 土地盐渍化 防渗体 排渗体 地下临界水位 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]