稻草还田对机耕双季稻病虫草发生及产量的影响  

Effects of Straw Returning to Paddy Field on Occurrence of Diseases,Insect Pests and Weeds in Double-cropping Rice and Its Yield Under the Condition of Mechanized Rotary Tillage

作　　者：张建中[1] 李保同[1] 吴建富[1] 潘晓华[1] 石庆华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种省部共建教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《江西农业大学学报》2015年第6期966-974,共9页Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B14;2011BAD16B04)

摘　　要：稻草还田条件下双季稻机耕生产技术的推广有赖于对该条件下病虫草发生和水稻产量形成影响知识的获得,以稻草不还田为对照,设置稻草全量还田和稻草烧灰还田处理,通过2年田间定位试验,研究稻草还田对机耕双季稻病虫草发生和产量的影响。在施用等量氮、磷、钾养分条件下,未施药区3个处理早稻主要病虫草为纹枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)、二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)、稻纵卷叶螟(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)和稗草(Echinochloa crusgalli),晚稻主要病虫草为纹枯病、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱(Sogatella furcifera,Nilaparvata lugens)、鸭舌草和稗草。在肥水管理相同的条件下,2012—2013年稻草还田对早、晚稻纹枯病、二化螟、稻纵卷叶螟和稻飞虱发生无显著影响,但可显著增加杂草发生密度。与稻草不还田比较,2012—2013年稻草全量还田处理早、晚稻平均增产8.2%和8.6%,稻草烧灰还田处理平均增产5.9%和3.5%。在病虫草发生初期,选用适当的农药可有效控制稻草还田处理水稻病虫草发生,2012—2013年早、晚稻平均增产7.0%和12.9%。The extension of production technology of mechanized rotary tillage for double-cropping rice under the condition of straw returning to paddy field depends on the knowledge of pest occurrence and rice yield formation.The localization field experiments with direct straw returning,straw ash returning and no straw returning as the control for two years were conducted to study the effects of straw returning on occurrence of the pests in double-cropping rice and its yield under the condition of mechanized rotary tillage.The major pests were sheath blight disease（ Rhizoctonia solani）,Chilo suppressalis,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,Monochoria vaginalis and Echinochloa crusgalli in early rice in the 3 treatments without using pesticide,and sheath blight disease,C.suppressalis,C.medinalis,rice planthopper（ Sogatella furcifera and Nilaparvata lugens）,M. vaginalis and E. crusgalli in late rice under the conditions of equal nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Under the same conditions of fertilizer and water management,straw returning to paddy field had not significant effect on the occurrence of sheath blight disease,Chilo suppressalis,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis,Monochoria vaginalis and Echinochloa crusgalli in early and late rice in 2012—2013,but would increase weeds＇ density in early and late paddy fields.Variance analysis indicated that the average yields of early and late rice in 2012—2013 increased by 8.2% and 8.6% with direct straw returning compared with that without straw returning,respectively,and by5.9% and 3.5% with straw ash returning,respectively. The diseases,insect pests and weeds in early and late rice with straw returning could be effectively controlled by applying appropriate pesticides during early days of pest occurrence.The average yields of early and late rice in 2012—2013 increased by 7. 0% and 12. 9%,respectively.

关 键 词：稻草还田 病虫草 发生与防治 水稻产量 机耕 

分 类 号：S435.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S233.71[农业科学—植物保护]