延展心灵的三次浪潮  

Three Waves of Extended Mind

作　　者：李建会[1] 夏永红[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《科学技术哲学研究》2016年第1期1-8,共8页Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目资助(11AZD120);国家社会科学基金重大项目资助(14ZDB171);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助

摘　　要：延展心灵论题在近二十年的争论中,经历了三次发展浪潮。延展心灵的第一次浪潮基于功能对等性原则,第二次浪潮基于互补性原则或整合主义,第三次浪潮则基于非个人主义和动态系统视野。在围绕第一波延展心灵的争论中,认知主义者提出了三种主要的论证:差异性论证、耦合-构成谬误、认知标志异议。第二波延展认知的诞生让差异性论证失去了意义,而第三波延展认知则强有力地回应了耦合-构成谬误。然而,第三波延展认知在强调社会-文化环境的时候,淡化了对物质环境的关注,而这本属于延展心灵的原初关切。此外,由于争论双方缺乏对认知概念的一致性见解,对于何为认知标志这一问题,其相互争论往往陷入自说自话的境况,延展心灵并不能很好地回应认知标志异议。延展心灵如果要进一步发展,首先要澄清物质文化在认知系统中的能动作用,其次需要界定一种新的认知概念。Extended mind has experienced three waves in the past two decades, basing itself respectively on the par- ity principle of function, the principle of complementarity or integration, and the perspective of dynamic system and nod-individualism. In the first wave the cognitivists present three arguments to oppose extended mind： the differ- ences argument, the coupling-constitution fallacy and the mark of the cognitive objection. The second wave of ex- tended mind refutes the differences argument successfully, and the third wave gives the coupling-constitution fallacy a forceful response. However, while the third wave of extended mind lays emphasis on the role of social-cultural en- vironment, it cuts down its concern about the role of material environment, which it primitively concerns. Moreo- ver, the lack of a consistent view of cognition makes both sides self-serving, seldom taking the argument of the oth- er side into account concerning what is the mark of cognition. So the extended mind is not so successful in respon- ding to the mark of the cognitive objection. It is necessary for us if we want to develop the extended mind, first to know well what role the material culture plays in the cognitive system, and then give a new definition of cognition.

关 键 词：延展心灵 对等原则 互补性 非个人主义 认知标志 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]