爱尔兰出租车数量管制改革研究  

Reform Route of Taxi Quantity Regulation in Ireland

作　　者：姚志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学经济与管理学院

出　　处：《经济体制改革》2016年第1期172-175,共4页Reform of Economic System

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"出租汽车客运双边道德风险防范机制研究"(10YJC790340);陕西省社会科学基金项目"陕西出租汽车客运经营模式研究"(13Q125)

摘　　要：为总结爱尔兰出租车管制改革经验，本文将2000年后其数量管制改革路径分为数量管制解除、质量管制强化和数量再管制三个阶段。用车辆数作为运力指标分析出租客运市场体系结构变化，发现解除数量管制后出租车取代约租车而主导市场；绘制1993—2013年间出租客运车辆数量变化曲线，发现2000年前数量管制明显抑制了出租车发展，双轨制市场结构和差异化政策抵消了数量管制的负作用；进行出租车数量管制改革经济和社会效果评价发现，数量管制解除后乘客等待时间缩短、运价下降，而供给过剩、驾驶员负荷加重、社会治安冲突及非法营运等问题导致了数量再管制。研究表明，爱尔兰出租车数量管制改革不是从解除管制到再管制的政策回归，而是数量管制与质量管制相结合的全面改革。To obtain a totally conclusion about regulatory reform of Irish taxi industry, process of taxi regulation in Ireland is divided into three phases, such as quantity dere-gulation, quality regulation and quantity reregulation, after the High Count judgement was presented in 2000. Numbers of each kind of small public service vehicle were used to analyze importance of each segment in the market. It shows that taxi, instead of hackney, became the most important part in the market after quantity deregulation. The trends curve of taxi and hackney vehicles from 1993 to 2013 shows that quantity regulation seriously restricted taxi vehicles increasing in the 1990＇s but two ties market structure and discriminated policy released negative effect of quantity regulation. From the perspective of economics and sociology, shorter passenger waiting time and lower price appear after quantity deregulation, and quantity reregulation is necessary as service oversupply, higher driver burden, more serious security conflict and illegal operation are all booming outcomes in the open market. The result indicates that quantity reregulation is not repeated quantity regulation, and regulatory reform of Irish taxi industry is a comprehensive reform combined quantity regulation and quality regulation.

关 键 词：交通运输经济 数量管制改革 出租车 爱尔兰 

分 类 号：U570.6[交通运输工程]