上海滨江森林公园重引入獐野放后的活动范围与栖息地选择  

Habitat selection and movement range of re-introduced Chinese water deer after release in Shanghai Binjiang Forest Park,China

作　　者：何鑫[1,2] 裴恩乐 袁晓 蔡锋 沈国平 张恩迪[1,2] 徐桂林 陈珉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海200062 [2]华东师范大学,上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200062 [3]上海市野生动植物保护管理站,上海200023 [4]上海市松江区林业站,上海201600

出　　处：《兽类学报》2016年第1期36-45,共10页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31401985);上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科攻字(2007)第3-6号);浦东新区科技发展基金项目(PKJ2006-N06)

摘　　要：本文对重引入后野放于上海滨江森林公园的獐进行无线电遥测跟踪研究,确定其在公园内286个斑块内的有效活动位点,分析其活动范围,并通过Vanderloeg选择系数和Scavia选择指数分析其栖息地选择。结果显示,以最小凸多边形法得到的重引入獐的活动范围面积从24.94 hm^2至83.24 hm^2不等,均值为58.74 hm^2;以固定核空间法得到的面积从11.23 hm^2至41.52 hm^2不等,均值为26.93 hm^2。野放后的獐偏好选择面积为1-2 hm^2的较大斑块和距离水源较远的栖息地。在植被因子的选择上,野放后的獐倾向选择野草地为主、乔木和灌木密度适中、乔木高度10-15 m、草本高度30 cm以上的栖息地,避免选择乔木高度低于5 m、草本高度过低(<5 cm)和无草本植物分布的栖息地。建议在今后重引入项目实施中,在郊野公园或者其它城市绿林地内为獐营造植被盖度和密度适中、隐蔽性良好、斑块面积适中的栖息地,并补种高草本,促进物种重引入成功。Chinese water deer were re-introduced to Bingjiang Forest Park,Shanghai. We used radio-telemetry to track the released deer,and obtained valid movement fixes in 286 patches and movement range in the park. Vanderloeg coefficients and Scavia indices were used to evaluate species habitat selection. The results show that by using MCP method,the movement area in the park ranged from 24. 94 hm^2 to 83. 24 hm^2,with an average of 58. 74 hm^2. While using FKE method,it ranged from 11. 23 to 41. 52 hm^2,with an average of 26. 93 hm^2. We found that the deer showed a strong preference for patches with an area of 1- 2 hm^2 and a long distance to water. As to vegetation factors,the deer tend to choose areas with more wild herbs,proper density of arbors or shrubs,arbors at the height among 10- 15 m and herbs at the height over 30 cm. Meanwhile,they showed negative selection for habitat without vegetation or with lower herb cover（ 〈5 cm） or short arbors（ 〈5 m）. Therefore,we suggest creating habitats with appropriate vegetation cover and density,good hiding property,and moderate patch area,and supplementally plant high herbaceous species for future deer reintroduction in country park and other urban woodland.

关 键 词：獐 重引入 活动范围 栖息地选择 郊野公园 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]