耕层构造的土壤结构质量-径级数字图像分析  

Digital image processing of mass-size distribution of soil structures in plough layer

作　　者：丁启朔[1] 董盛盛 李毅念[1] 邱威[1] 薛金林[1] 何瑞银[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第2期134-140,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41371238);江苏优势学科建设资助项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：为了探讨以土壤结构体为单元的耕层构造定量方法,该文利用犁耕生成的土壤结构体2D图像计算其质量-径级分布。分别以30°、45°、60°及90°拍摄获取土壤结构体的数字图像,计算土壤结构体各径级区间的几何指标,拟合质量-径级分布模型。结果表明土壤结构体的棱角性和形状指数随径级增大而增加,但矩形度随之减小;以60°拍摄所得的土壤结构体质量-投影面积关系的拟合精度最高,各粒径区间R2均不低于0.89;数字图像筛分与手工测量所得的土壤结构体质量-径级分布无显著差异(P>0.05),表明数字图像筛分是从2D投影面信息获取土壤结构体质量-径级分布的准确方法;相对于Weibull和Rosin-Rammler模型,用Gaudin-Schuhmann模型拟合获得的土壤结构体质量-径级分布效果较优,用该模型拟合数字图像筛分所得的土壤结构体质量-径级分布,R2为0.98;相对于干筛法,数字图像筛分方法的划分的径级区间更精细,所得的模型拟合精度更高。In many instances the basic structural units of plough layer are soil aggregates which are resulted from tillage operation and packed into layers to form the seedbed. Quantification of plough layer is limited to a few basic soil parameters, including cone index, bulk density and porosity. Soil aggregates are assessed with dry sieving. These parameters do not provide the detailed structural information of plough layer. Precision management of plough layer requires that soil structures be quantified with more parameters that are geometrically quantifiable. Quantitative method for tilled-layer soil structures was adopted; the digital images of soil structures were taken, the aggregate mass was calculated and the mass-size distributions of soil structures sampled from a plowed paddy field were studied. The tilt angle of camera was set to 30°, 45°, 60° and 90°, respectively, when taking the photos of soil structures. Soil structures were also measured manually with dry-sieving method for comparison. During the manual measurement of soil aggregates, a caliper was used and both the long and the short axes of the aggregates were measured. The dry-sieving used the nested sieves with the openings of 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128 mm, respectively. Geometrical parameters of soil structures in each size range were calculated with an image-processing program developed in MatL ab, including angularity, shape index and rectangle degree. Collected data for the mass-size distribution of the soil aggregates after plowing were also fitted respectively with 3 models, i.e. Weibull model, Rosin-Rammler model and Gaudin-Schuhmann model. It showed that, along with the increase of size range, both angularity and shape index increased, but rectangle degree decreased, meaning that different effects of mechanical operation were induced by different size ranges of soil structures, even though under the same plowing treatment. Detailed analysis on each size range and each tilting angle showed that photos taken with 60 o tilting angle yielded th

关 键 词：土壤 模型 图像处理 耕层构造 土壤结构体 数字图像 质量-径级分布 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]