2030年可持续发展议程对全球及中国环境治理的影响  

Environmental Objectives in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Its Implications on the World and China in Environmental Governance

作　　者：董亮[1] 张海滨[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院,北京100871

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年第1期8-15,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：财政部课题"未来国际气候制度构建中的气候变化资金问题研究"(编号:1214096);科技部"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"气候变化与国家安全战略的关键技术研究"(编号:2012BAC20B06)

摘　　要：《2030年可持续发展议程》已经形成了社会、经济与环境三大支柱的格局。根据进程追踪的方法,本文通过回顾环境进入《2030年可持续发展议程》目标的过程,着重分析环境目标未来15年将对全球与中国环境治理产生的重要影响。在全球环境治理层面的基本结论是:1全球环境治理体系的重要性将显著上升。2新型伙伴关系将强化环境非政府组织与市民社会的作用。3未来全球环境治理将形成以数据和指标为驱动的特点。4联合国系统内环境机构的作用将进一步强化,联合国环境署的发展受到关注。5环境与气候变化中的资金融资与技术转让渠道将进一步多元化。6气候变化问题与其他环境问题将在全球和国家层面深度融合。对中国环境治理的积极影响,体现在:1《2030年可持续发展议程》将为中国经济的转型升级和可持续发展提供新的强大动力,并形成倒逼机制;2将显著提升中国公众的环保意识;3为中国在全球治理中发挥关键性作用提供了难得的着力点;4将使中国的区域合作更加"绿色化"。当然,在新常态的经济形势下,全球可持续发展的环境目标也使得中国环境治理的压力与责任不断增加。同时,《2030年可持续发展议程》也存在一系列问题与不足之处:1目标过多且模糊不清,实现难度大。2当前所罗列的一些目标间可能包含潜在的冲突,需要进一步的研究与论证。3环境目标缺乏量化的标准。尽管如此,就环境目标而言,《2030年可持续发展议程》比千年发展目标更加综合、全面和系统,是当今国际社会应对环境问题集体努力的成果,必须高度重视与研究。Through process tracing method, the paper analyzes how the environmental objectives become a pillar of ＇ the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development＇ as equally important as social and economic goals. From the perspective of global governance, the importance of the environment in the global development agenda is increasing. Environmental issues in ＇the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development＇ will be of great importance in global and China＇ s environmental governance. The global implications for future environmental governance are mainly reflected in： first, the importance of environmental governance will be significantly increased; second, new partnership will strengthen the roles of environmental NGOs and civil society ; third, to achieve environmental goals, governance system will increasingly depend on data-driven reviews; fourth, the role of environmental institutions within the UN system will be further strengthened, esp. the UNEP; fifth, environmental along with climate change financing and technology transfer may be further diversified; sixth, climate change and other environmental issues at the global and national levels will be more integrated. Meanwhile, implications on China are： first, it will offer China＇ s economic transformation and sustainable development a powerful new force; second, China will significantly enhance its public environmental awareness; third, China will play a key role in global governance with a unique focus; fourth, it will require better environmental management system and capacity of China; fifth, China＇ s future regional cooperation will be greener. However, in the new norms of the economic situation, these environmental goals increase the pressure and responsibility for China＇ s governance. At the same time, there are also a series of problems and shortcomings in the 2030 Agenda： First, the targets are too many, vague, and difficult to implement. Second, there may be some conflicting targets in the agenda. Third, environmental goals are lack of quantit

关 键 词：2030年可持续发展议程 环境目标 全球环境治理 

分 类 号：X22[环境科学与工程—环境科学] D81[政治法律—国际关系]