强可处置性视角下中国农业环境效率测度及其动态演进  

Agricultural Environment Efficiency and Its Dynamic Evolution of China from the Perspective of Pollution's Strong Disposability

作　　者：张可[1,2,3] 丰景春[1,2,4] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学商学院,江苏南京211100 [2]河海大学项目管理研究所,江苏南京211100 [3]河海大学国际河流研究中心,江苏南京211100 [4]江苏省"世界水谷"与水生态文明协同创新中心,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年第1期140-149,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"基于地理信息系统的农村水环境管理研究"(编号:12AZD108);国家自然科学基金项目"区域农业面源污染灰色多元驱动预测与优化控制模型研究"(编号:71401052);江苏省高校哲学社会科学基金项目"江苏省农村水环境高效管理机制研究"(编号:2013SJD63007)

摘　　要：随着农村经济社会的快速发展,农业面源污染不断加剧、农业环境面临的形势日益严峻。从生态农业视角科学度量和提高环境效率对于改善农业生态环境,促进农业与资源、环境的协调发展具有重要意义。为此,首先从农业面源污染特征、治理成本和环境规制方面研究联合弱可处置性视角下农业环境效率测度模型可能存在的局限性;然后,构建了基于强可处置视角的农业环境效率测度模型和环境全要素生产率指数(TFP);最后,采用两种视角下的模型对比研究了2012年我国农业环境效率,以及1991-2011年中国30个省份农业环境全要素生产率增长。结果表明:1考虑农业污染的强可处置特征,2012年农业环境效率均值从0.98下降为0.86,东、中、西部地区依次递减的空间差异性更加显著;21991-2011年我国农业TFP平均增长率为0.8%,技术效率年均负增长1.4%,技术进步年均增长2%,均低于传统度量方法。3技术效率呈现持续增长趋势,TFP总体上呈现了先下降后增长的变化趋势,技术进步与技术效率的协调性逐步得到改善;4各地区TFP均值均大于1,东部地区ML指数最高,其次是中部地区,但各地区技术效率均出现一定程度的退步现象。两种模型实证结果及其差异性表明,农业环境效率评价、污染治理措施应当遵循农业污染物的特征和产生机理;采取源头减排策略能够实现农业增长、污染减少和环境效率提升的多赢局面;当前,我国农业环境效率仍具有较大的提升空间,在制定面源污染治理政策时,应考虑农业环境效率的空间差异性,针对不同发展水平和污染特征制定更具有针对性的治理策略。With the rapid development of rural economy and society, agricultural non-point source pollution is surging, and the agricultural environment is facing increasingly serious situation. It is significant to measure and improve environmental efficiency scientifically in terms of ecological agriculture for agricultural ecological environment improvement and coordinated development of agriculture and resources environment. Therefore, firstly, the shortcoming of agricultural environmental efficiency （AEE） measurement model from the perspective of joint weak disposability is studied according to characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution, pollution abatement costs and environmental regulation. Then, a new AEE measurement model and the environmental total factor productivity （TFP） are proposed from the perspective of strong disposability. Finally, the Chinese AEE in 2012 and the TFP of 30 provinces from 1991 to 2011 are studied respectively by proposed model. The results are as follows. First, considering the strong disposable characteristics of agricultural pollution, the average AEE in 2012 decreased from 0.98 to 0.86, and the spatial difference that AEE declined from eastern region to western region was more significant. Second, Chinese annual growth rate of TFP was 0.8% , annual growth rate technical efficiency was - 1.4% , and technical advance was 2% from 1991 - 2011. Besides, the results measured by proposed model were lower than original method. Third, the technical efficiency presented sustainable growth trend, the TFP showed a trend from decreasing to increasing, and the coordination between technological advance and the technical efficiency was improved gradually. At last, the average TFP of all regions was more than 1, while the eastern region was the highest followed by the middle. But the regressive phenomenon of technical efficiency existed in each region. The differences between empirical results by two models showed that evaluation on the efficiency of agricultural environment and

关 键 词：农业环境 环境效率 强可处置性 全要素生产率 

分 类 号：F205[经济管理—国民经济]