大气污染对学龄前儿童DNA损伤的影响  

Effect of ambient air pollution on DNA damage of preschoolers

作　　者：徐东 邹拓谜 陆世杰[2] 宋娜娜[2] 朱燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南广益实验中学,湖南长沙410014 [2]中南大学湘雅医学院医学检验系

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2016年第2期181-183,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81273002)

摘　　要：目的探讨大气污染对学龄前儿童DNA损伤的影响。方法分别于2014年11月30日和2015年6月30日在长沙市和海口市两地各采集50位学龄前儿童口颊细胞进行微核试验,分析其微核率。并与空气质量指数(AQI)进行相关性分析。结果长沙市2014年11月(冬季)和2015年6月(夏季)空气质量指数(AQI)分别为(98.4±55.3)和(51.6±12.1),差异有统计学意义(t=2.711,P<0.01)。海口市的AQI分别为(40.8±13.6)和(25.1±12.8),差异有统计学意义(t=2.153,P<0.05)。长沙市夏季和冬季AQI均高于海口市,差异有统计学意义(t=2.276,P<0.05;t=2.903,P<0.01)。长沙市学龄前儿童冬季和夏季微核试验的微核率(%)分别为(2.91±1.98)和(1.85±1.52),差异有统计学意义(t=2.305,P<0.05);海口市学龄前儿童冬季和夏季微核试验的微核率(%)分别为(1.92±0.74)和(1.71±1.33),差异无统计学意义(t=1.356,P>0.05);长沙市学龄前儿童冬季和夏季的微核试验的微核率均高于海口市,但是仅在冬季差异有统计学意义(t=2.107,P<0.05)。口颊细胞微核试验微核率与大气污染程度AQI呈正相关(r=0.811,P=0.000)。结论不同地区、同一地区不同季节,学龄前儿童的微核率存在差异,大气污染可能是造成学龄前儿童DNA损伤主要原因。Objective To explore the impact of ambient air pollution on DNA damage of preschool children. Methods Buccal epithelial cells were collected from 100 preschoolers in Changsha City and Haikou City （50 for each city） on November 30, 2014 and June 30, 2015. The micronucleus frequency was determined by buccal micronucleus assay, and the correlation between air quality index （AQI） and micronucleus frequency was analyzed. Results The air quality index （AQI） in winter （98.4 ± 55.3） was significantly different from that in summer （51.6± 12.1 ） in Changsha （ t = 2. 711, P 〈 0.01 ）, so was the AQI in Haikou （40.8± 13.6 vs. 25.1 ± 12.8, t = 2. 153, P 〈 0.05）. The AQIes in summer and winter were both significantly higher in Changsha than in Haikou （t = 2. 276, P〈 0.05; t = 2. 903, P 〈 0.01 ）. The micronucleus frequency of the preschoolers in Changsha was significantly higher in winter [ （2.91 ± 1.98） % ] than in summer [ （ 1.85 ± 1.52） % ] （ t = 2. 305, P 〈 0.05 ）, while it did not differ for preschoolers in Haikou （ 1.92 ±0.74 vs. 1.71 ± 1.33, t = 1. 356, P 〉 0.05）. The micronucleus fre- quencies of preschoolers in winter and summer in Changsha were both higher than those in Haikou, but statistical differences were only found in winter （ t = 2. 107, P〈 0.05）. The micronucleus frequency of preschoolers were positively correlated with AQI （ r = 0. 811, P = 0. 000）. Conclusions The micronueleus frequency of preschoolers is different among different areas and different seasons. Air pollution may be the main cause of DNA damage of preschoolers.

关 键 词：大气污染 学龄前儿童 口颊细胞 微核试验 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]