一次性施肥对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响  

Effects of Single Basal Fertilizer Application on Yield and Nutrient Absorption of Rice

作　　者：张木[1] 唐拴虎[1] 黄旭[1] 李苹[1] 付弘婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第3期1-7,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"主要粮食作物一次性施肥技术研究与示范"(201303103);"三熟区耕地培肥与合理轮作制"(201503123);广东省科技计划项目"农作物健康低碳栽培与营养调控技术研究与示范"(2012A020100004);"新型肥料与高效施肥科技创新研发与服务平台建设"(2014B090904068)

摘　　要：通过田间小区试验研究一次性施肥对水稻生长的作用效果,进而明确水稻一次性施肥是否能达到传统分次施肥的增产效果及其机制。本研究以传统分次施肥为对照,研究了一次性施用常规速效肥、硝化抑制剂DCD型稳定肥、硝化抑制剂DMPP型稳定肥以及树脂包膜控释肥对水稻产量、产量构成要素、分蘖动态、灌浆期光合速率以及主要生长节点植株氮、磷、钾含量的影响。试验表明,分别一次性施用各种类缓/控释肥均可以满足水稻各生长期对氮、磷、钾的吸收,促进水稻分蘖、增加水稻有效穗数及穗粒数,增强水稻光合速率和碳氮代谢水平,提高或保持了水稻正常产量。一次性施用缓控释肥较传统分次施肥对水稻具有稳产或增产的作用是因为其能在整个生育期内满足水稻的养分供应,在不降低千粒重及结实率的基础上提高或是保持水稻的有效穗数及穗粒数。A field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of single basal fertilizer application ongrowth of rice, and then to clarify whether single basal fertilizer application could achieve high- yieldproduction as conventional split fertilization and its mechanism. The effects of single basal application ofconventional quick- acting fertilizer, nitrification inhibitor DCD type stable fertilizer, nitrification inhibitorDMPP type stable fertilizer and resin- coated controlled- release fertilizer on yield, components of yield,dynamic of tiller, photosynthetic rate during grain filling stage and the contents of N, P and K in the maingrowth stages of rice were studied in this experiment, and the conventional split fertilization was served as thecontrol. The results showed that single basal application of slow/controlled- release fertilizers satisfied theabsorption of N, P, and K in different growth stages, increased tiller number, panicles, grain number,photosynthetic rate and carbon-nitrogen metabolism, thus improved or maintained the normal grain yield. Theresults showed that single basal application of slow/controlled- release fertilizers could improve or maintainnormal yield as split fertilization due to the increase or maintenance of panicles and grain number on the basisof ensuring normal 1000-grain weight and setting rate.

关 键 词：水稻 缓/控释肥 养分吸收 光合速率 产量构成 

分 类 号：S145.5[农业科学—肥料学]