中国牦牛资源保护及可持续利用:驯化与品种培育  

Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Yak Resources of China:Domestication and Breed

作　　者：施奇静 王静[2] 孙军平[2] 薛堃[1] 孟秀祥[2] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [2]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100081

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2016年第1期81-86,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)(15XNLQ02);国家自然科学基金项目(31170364);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAC09B02-6)

摘　　要：牦牛(Bos grunniens)是珍贵的资源动物,主要分布于青藏高原及周边的国家和地区。世界现有家牦牛1400多万头,中国是最主要产区,拥有92%的世界存栏牦牛,多分布于西藏、青海、新疆、云南、四川及甘肃等西部省区。牦牛具有系列适应高寒生境的形态结构、摄食特性及繁殖等生理生态特征,其丰富的遗传多样性是牦牛适应性及牦牛业持续发展的基础。中国牦牛现有12个品种,其生产性能各有偏重。按照产区的生态环境条件和牦牛的特征特性,中国牦牛可划分为横断山区型和青藏高原型2个生态类型。牦牛育种和改良多采用杂交进行,现代动物繁育技术也逐渐得到运用,传统育种方法和分子育种方法的结合是家牦牛育种和改良的发展方向。Yak （Bos grunniens） is a precious resource animal, which is mostly distributed in the Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding areas. There are 14 millions of yaks in the world. As the main distribution area for domestic yak, China has 92% of the yaks＂ holdings in the world. Within China, the domestic yaks mostly distribute in the western provinces such as Tibet, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Sichuan and Gansu. Yaks physiological characteristics in structure, ingestion and propagation are adapting to the alpine habitat. The adaptability of yak and the sustainable development of yak＇s breeding are based on the variety of its genetic diversity. There are 12 yak breeds in China, which have different strengths in production performances. According to their characteristics and the environmental conditions of their living areas, Chinese domestic yaks can be divided into two ecotypes. One is Tibetan Plateau ecotype, and the other one is Hengduan Mountains ecotype. The breeding and improvement of yaks were attributed to the help of hybridization, and the modern animal breeding technology has gradually been used in recent years. The combination of traditional and molecular breeding method will direct the development of yak breeding.

关 键 词：牦牛 品种 种群 保育现状 可持续利用 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]