拟合齿轮五杆水稻钵苗移栽机构的机理分析与试验  

Mechanism analysis and experiment of transplanting mechanism with fitting gear five-bar for rice pot seedling

作　　者：赵匀[1] 朱慧轩[1] 辛亮[1] 周脉乐[1] 冯江[2] 张敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学电气学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第1期12-21,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(51405077);国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAD06B01-04);哈尔滨市科技局科技成果转化项目(2014DB4AN036);东北农业大学研究生科技创新项目(yjscx14023)

摘　　要：钵苗移栽具有提高产量,增大精品粮种植面积等优点,该文作者基于双曲柄五杆水稻钵苗移栽机的结构形式,针对重要传动部件进行改进,开发了基于B样条拟合曲线的轻简化水稻钵苗移栽机构——拟合齿轮五杆水稻钵苗移栽机构。对该机构进行拟合齿轮节曲线传动分析,建立移栽机构运动学模型,运用matrix laboratory(MATLAB)中GUI平台开发出了水稻钵苗移栽机构辅助分析与参数优化软件,通过软件优化得出一组能够满足钵苗移栽要求的结构参数。建立三维模型,并通过automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems(ADAMS)进行虚拟样机仿真,初步验证机构的合理性。加工移栽机构核心部件,装配并在试验台架上进行试验研究。通过对移栽机构的试验台架试验,验证了移栽机构参数的合理性和有效性。以秧夹开口开度、秧夹夹持力、取秧频率为因素,以伤秧率和漏秧率为评价指标,选取二次回归正交旋转组合试验的方案,运用Design-Expert 7.0软件进行分析,得到的分析结果进一步验证了拟合齿轮五杆移栽机构的合理性。Pot seedling transplanting has the adva ntages of increasing the production, enhancing the fine grain planting area, and so on. The rice pot seedling transplanting will have a good prospect in the future, but at present the application of rice pot seedling transplanting machine is less in China. Since Japan invented the first transplanter for rice pot seeding in1900 s, large agricultural machinery companies have produced their own models in succession, such as Yanmar and Iseki.The materials and manufacture technologies have been improved through about 40 years＇ development, but the basic structure and working principle are still kept at the same level. All the transplanting machines use 3 sets of mechanism to complete 3 kinds of movements i.e. picking, transporting and planting. The existing machines have the disadvantages of complex structure, high cost and low efficiency. In order to further improve the rice seedling transplanting quality, the transmission changes with the B spline fitting noncircular gears instead of the eccentric gears. Because the instantaneous transmission ratio of the noncircular gear periodically changes according to a certain rule, the mechanism can achieve constant transmission. Therefore, after the optimization, it is much easier to achieve the ideal trajectory and attitude than the eccentric gear transmission mechanism. Based on the structure of the rice seedling transplanter with double-crank five-bar mechanism, aimed at the important driving part, this study has developed the simple transplanting mechanism for rice pot seedling based on B spline fitting curve, i.e. transplanting mechanism with fitting gear five-bar for rice pot seedling.Transmission analysis for fitting gear pitch curves of the mechanism is carried out and the kinematic model of transplanting mechanism is established. A computer-aided analysis and optimization software of the transplanting mechanism with fitting gear five-bar for rice pot seedling is developed on the Matrix Laboratory GUI platform. Through tuning

关 键 词：农业机械 移栽 优化 水稻钵苗 拟合齿轮五杆机构 参数优化 虚拟仿真 台架试验 

分 类 号：S223.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]