加气滴灌提高大棚甜瓜品质及灌溉水分利用效率  

Aerated irrigation enhancing quality and irrigation water use efficiency of muskmelon in plastic greenhouse

作　　者：李元[1] 牛文全[1,2] 许健[1] 张若婵[2] 王京伟[1] 张明智[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第1期147-154,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2011AA100507)

摘　　要：为揭示加气频率和滴灌带埋深等对甜瓜产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响,以甜瓜(陕甜一号)为研究对象,采用追加正交试验设计,研究不同加气频率、地下滴灌带埋深及灌水控制上限对大棚甜瓜果实形态、产量、品质及灌溉水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:对果实形态、品质及产量影响的大小顺序依次为加气频率、滴灌带埋深和灌水控制上限。对水分利用效率的影响大小顺序依次为灌水控制上限、加气频率和滴灌带埋深。根区加气能够显著改善果实产量及品质,滴灌带埋深为25 cm,每天加气1次品质及果实形态指标最好,产量最高。灌水量控制在田间持水量的80%时,果实可溶性固形物含量最高,但灌水量为70%田间持水量时,可溶性总糖、产量、水分利用效率最高。综合考虑,最优处理组合为滴灌带埋深25 cm,每天通气一次,灌水控制上限为70%田间持水量。It is plagued by poor quality and low yields that muskmelon production in the semi-arid climate in China. In addition to soil water, it is well-known that muskmelon plant roots require an adequate and continuous supply of soil air in order to respire, grow, develop, and function normally. Rhizosphere hypoxia effects influence crop yield, shoot and root growth, and quality of production negatively. Hypoxia causes stomatal closure and reduction in transpiration rate,photosynthesis and leaf chlorophyll as well as protein content. Artificial aeration has been shown to promote root metabolism and growth, also it enhanced nutrient absorption and soil redoxase enzyme activity as well as accelerated the growth and yield of vegetables. In this context, under sub-surface drip irrigation, in the wetted portion of the root zone, the possibility of hypoxia is almost certain, especially in heavy soils with slow internal drainage and during the period immediately after irrigation. It was hypothesized that varying the irrigation rate, aeration frequencies and amount along with the depth of the drip irrigation tubing would result in different yield and quality of muskmelon. To explore the influence of root zone aeration frequency, lateral depths of subsurface drip irrigation belt and irrigation amount on fruit yield, quality and irrigation water were used efficiency of muskmelon. The experiment was implemented from April to July 2014 in a 108 m long and 8 m wide greenhouse（E108°02′, N34°17′）, located, at Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. A fractional factorial experiment was designed to study the root system responding to 3 levels of sub-surface drip irrigation in combination with drip-tubing placed at each of 3 depths in the soil, and 4 levels of artificial soil aeration. Based on wetting the soil volume（Vs） in 0.60 cm of the soil profile（Vs= 5.5 m2×0.6 m）, the irrigation levels were designated as 70%, 80%, and 90% of the gravimetric field capacity, and the drip irrigation placement depths were 10, 25, and 40

关 键 词：灌溉 土壤 品质控制 甜瓜 根区加气 地下滴灌 产量 灌溉水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]