双季稻机插育秧床土选择试验  

Experiment on screening seedbed soils for mechanical transplanted doublecropping rice

作　　者：张结刚[1,2] 张美良[1] 王璠[2] 潘晓华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,南昌330045 [2]江西省农业科学院科技管理处,南昌330200

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第1期167-173,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD02A04)资助

摘　　要：为选择适宜双季稻地区机插育秧床土,以双季杂交早稻组合金优299以及杂交晚稻组合天优122为材料,采用田间试验方法,研究分析了水稻干细土、菜园干细土及旱地干细土等不同类型床土对双季机插稻秧苗素质及产量的影响。结果表明,从秧苗素质及大田产量来衡量,3种类型床土育秧优势排序为,菜园干细土>水稻干细土>旱地干细土。具体来说,菜园干细土处理秧苗的根系多而发达,茎基宽而百苗干重大,秧苗健壮成秧率高,成秧率比其它两处理分别平均高3.53%、4.23%;漏蔸率低,机插质量好,漏蔸率平均分别低于其它两处理达3.5%、2.5%;活棵返青快,基本苗充足,有效穗多产量高,实际产量平均分别高于其它两处理达5.40%、7.10%。综上所述,菜园土是在江西等地区比较理想的机插双季稻育秧床土。A crucial factor for rice seedling cultivation which is applicable for mechanical transplanting, and obtaining high yield is to raise strong seedlings with right seedling age, while a qualified seedbed soil is the most basic and important requirement. A scientific trial was set up in Jiangxi agricultural university in 2010 to find out the proper seedbed soil source for mechanical-transplanting of double-cropping rice seedling raising, Tested soil included dry silt for rice, dry silt from vegetables field and dry silt from dryland, which were aired, smashed and screened carefully. 2 rice varieties were used in this trial, one is Jinyou 299（hybride early for double-cropping rice）, and the other one is Tianyou122（hybrid late）. Seeds were planted in carpet like plate, 100 grains each, and 3 applicants per treatment. Seedlings transplanted with TOYOPF455 S walking transplanter, planted 8 row＊30 m in each plot. We evaluated afterwards the source effect of different soil on seedling quality, mechanical-transplanting quality and rice yield. According to seedling quality performance and yield result, it turned out that seedlings raised in seedbed soil from vegetables field performed the best for mechanicaltransplanting of double cropping rice, followed by that of from rice soil. There were significant differences in seedling quality among different soil source treatments, which showed that dry silt for vegetables field dry silt for ricedry silt from dryland（of which ＂＂ means better than）.The double-cropping rice seedlings grew in dry silt for vegetables field got strong root system, and its total root quantity was on average 13.95% and 4.16% more than that in other treatments. Stem diameter and dry matter for seedlings grew in vegetable soil also performed the best among treatments, whose stem diameter was on average 17.01% and 12.98% larger than that in other treatments, and dry matter weight of 100 plants was 17.0% and 6.99%more on average. Strong seedlings and high seedling survival rate was obtained

关 键 词：土壤 作物 生长 机插 双季稻 不同类型床土 秧苗素质 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]