不同农业有机废弃物产甲烷特性比较  

Methane production performance comparison of different agricultural residues

作　　者：韩娅新[1,2] 张成明[1,2] 陈雪兰[1,2] 李砚飞 岳瑞雪[4,5] 姜立[1,2] 李十中[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084 [2]北京市生物燃料工程技术研究中心,北京100084 [3]青县新能源办公室,沧州062650 [4]江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所,徐州221000 [5]中国农业科学院甘薯研究所,徐州221000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第1期258-264,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：生物燃气及循环农业科技促进培育专项(Z141100000614005);科技惠民计划(2013GS460202-3)

摘　　要：为评估不同物料相同发酵条件下的产沼气特性,该文研究了玉米秸秆、小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆、香蕉秸秆、鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪7种原料的基本特性及发酵情况。元素分析结果表明7种原料均不适宜直接发酵,且粪便原料的理论产气潜力优于纤维质原料。组分分析表明,纤维质原料中香蕉秸秆的可降解组分含量最高,达76.13%,粪便原料中鸡粪的易降解有机物含量最高,为59.72%。发酵试验结果表明,香蕉秸秆和鸡粪的甲烷产率分别为186.10和224.85 m L/g,BDA(biodegradability)分别为41.42%和33.28%,消化时间(T90)分别为9.5和7 d,为两类原料中产气潜力最佳的原料。基于月累计甲烷产量和Gompertz模拟结果,鸡粪和香蕉秸秆降解速率快,累计产气量高,分别达867.28 m L/g和528.92 m L/g。结果表明鸡粪和香蕉秸秆最适合作为沼气发酵的原料。Agricultural organic residues are considered as excellent substrates for anaerobic fermentation, producing clean energy and reducing environmental problems. Many researches have proved that agriculture residues can yield substantial biogas. Methane production performance of 7 typical agriculture residues including corn stover（CS）, wheat straw（WS）, rice straw（RS）, banana stem（BS）, chicken manure（Ch M）, cow manure（CM） and swine manure（SM） were investigated under the same fermentation conditions. The volatile solid（VS） of lignocellulosic materials was 91.47%~93.53%, higher than manure residues（42.98%~57.86%）, which meant more biodegradable mass could be fermented to biogas in lignocellulosic materials.The unbalanced nutrient would limit biogas production when the substrates were anaerobically digested directly due to the inappropriate C/N. Adjusting C/N to 25~30 by co-digestion and adding urea would be necessary. Contents of sulphur were low in all 7 substrates, which avoided substrate competition between methanogens and sulfate-reducing bacteria, and was beneficial for methanogenesis procedure. Theoretical methane potential（TMP） based on the elemental composition, and biochemical methane potential（BMP） based on the fermentation results were evaluated. The TMP values of the different substrates mentioned above were 500.99, 521.36, 523.21, 449.25, 676.09, 771.63 and 805.98 m L/g, respectively. Data showed that the methane production potential from the substrates of manure was higher than that of lignocellulose.Structural carbohydrates and lignin of CS, WS, RS and BS were investigated in this paper. Results showed that CS, WS and RS, belonging to grass family, had little difference in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content. BS, belonging to herbage,contained more cellulose（48.67%） and less lignin（17.40%） than grass family. Biodegradable component in BS was the highest（76.13%）, which indicated better methane production potential of BS. EBC（easily biodegrada

关 键 词：农业 秸秆 粪 农业废弃物 产甲烷潜力 生物降解性 消化时间 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X712[农业科学—农业工程]