不同产业沼气作物农田净生态系统生产力和水分利用效率比较  

Comparison of net ecosystem productivity of farmland and water use efficiency among different industrial biogas crops

作　　者：段青松[1,2] 何丙辉[1] 秦向东[3] 字淑慧[4] 张涛[3] 杨秀萍[4] 刘云华[3] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]云南农业大学机电工程学院,云南省高校生物天然气产业化技术工程研究中心,昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学,基础与信息工程学院,云南省高校生物天然气产业化技术工程研究中心,昆明650201 [4]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第1期265-271,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：云南省高校生物天然气产业化技术工程研究中心建设项目(2014)

摘　　要：产业沼气作物是发酵制气的重要原料,开展产业沼气作物农田净生态系统生产力(net ecosystem production,NEP)和水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)的研究,为产业沼气作物的筛选和种植提供依据。采用静态钠石灰吸收法和静态箱-红外CO2分析仪法、非称重式蒸渗仪法测定了常规种植条件下4种作物农田NEP和群体水分利用效率(population water use efficiency,WUEp)、生态水分利用效率(ecosystem water use efficiency,WUEe),并设裸地进行对照。结果表明:1)观测的5个处理,NEP的大小顺序是杂交狼尾草(17 533.1 kg/hm2)>曲晨9号玉米(9 172.9 kg/hm2)>云瑞88玉米>(8 462.7 kg/hm2)>紫花苜蓿(273.6 kg/hm2)>裸地(-2 377.0 kg/hm2),4种作物农田是CO2的汇,裸地是源。2)WUEp大小排序为杂交狼尾草(10.89 kg/m3)>曲晨9号(7.23 kg/m3)>云瑞88玉米(6.79 kg/m3)>紫花苜蓿(3.46 kg/m3)。WUEe大小顺序为杂交狼尾草(4.19 kg/m3)>曲晨9号(2.38 kg/m3)>云瑞88(2.20 kg/m3)>紫花苜蓿(0.06 kg/m3),与NEP的排序相同。以生物量、NEP、WUEp、WUEe来衡量,杂交狼尾草优于其他3种作物,可优先推广种植。As a kind of main material for biogas plants, industrial biogas crop plays an important role in energy and ecology area, in which ecological factors should be considered during the screening and planting of industrial biogas crop. Among those ecological factors, net ecosystem production（NEP） and water use efficiency（WUE） are the most important ones. NEP can indicate the status of carbon sinks or sources, and WUE can reflect the coupling of carbon and water cycles at ecosystem level. Screening those crops with high NEP and WUE will be beneficial to the decreasing of greenhouse gas emissions and the increasing of water using effect, which also can promote the development of biogas industry. To provide theoretical basis for the screening and scale planting of industrial biogas crop, the NEP and WUE of 4 crops in central Yunnan, including 2 types of maize（Zea mays L.） Quchen 9 and Yunrui 88, hybrid pennisetum（Penniseturm americanum ×P. purpureum） and alfalfa（Medicago sativa）, were analyzed under normal planting conditions. The measurements were taken on the pilot farm（25°18′N and 102°45′E, with an elevation of 1978 m） of Yunnan Agriculture University, Kunming,China. The climate was classified as subtropical plateau monsoon climate, with a mean annual temperature of 15.3 ℃ and a mean annual precipitation of 979.3 mm. The soil was upland red soil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 3 replicates, and there were a total of 15 experimental plots with an area of 30 m2 for each plot. All plots were surrounded and separated by concrete ridges. The ridges were 100 cm underground and 20 cm aboveground. The 2 breeds of maize were transplanted on May 20 thand harvested on September 29 th, 2013. Hybrid pennisetum and alfalfa were planted on March 20 th, 2012 by cuttage propagation and seed reproduction separately, and both were reaped 3 times on May 20 th,July 12 thand September 29 th, 2013, respectively. The NEP and WUE were investigated during the growing period of mai

关 键 词：作物 沼气 生态系统 产业沼气作物 净生态系统生产力 群体水分利用效率 生态水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]