中国历史探空资料部分等压面位势高度订正  

Correcting Geopotential Height Errors of Some Mandatory Levels of Chinese Historic Radiosonde Observations

作　　者：阮新[1] 熊安元[1] 胡开喜[1] 梁秀慧 王志文[3] 杨燕茹[1] 邹凤玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气象信息中心,北京100081 [2]河北省气象局,石家庄050021 [3]北京市气象局,北京100089

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2015年第3期257-267,共11页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB951602);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201406001);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC22B05);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201330)

摘　　要：对中国高空探测历史资料进行静力学检查发现,1963年前900,800,80 hPa和60 hPa位势高度记录错误率异常偏高,20世纪70年代中期个别站250 hPa和70 hPa位势高度记录错误率也异常偏高。通过对中国高空观测规范历史沿革的分析和资料验证,指出受当时计算条件所限,这些等压面上的位势高度是在其他规定等压面的位势高度查表计算完成后,利用时间高度曲线通过人工插值估算获得,主观因素影响较大,易产生较大误差,因而错误率异常偏高。该文提出依据静力学原理重新计算这些等压面位势高度记录的订正方案,并进行效果检验。结果表明:该方案能够比较精确地还原台站观测时对位势高度的正确计算,错误资料订正后,相关高度静力学余差序列趋向均一,订正方案合理、有效。Radiosonde observations are crucial in weather forecast and upper-air climate research.Due to their high vertical resolution,they are also important for calibration and validation of satellite temperature and water vapor retrievals.Quality control of Chinese radiosonde observations of 1951 — 2012 is conducted with hydrostatic check,and the result reveals that ratios of erroneous geopotential height(GPH) of 900 hPa,800 hPa,80 hPa and 60 hPa before 1963 are 2%-11%,which are much higher than other levels.The ratios of erroneous GPH of 250 hPa and 70 hPa in mid of the 1970 s of a few stations in Yunnan Province are also much higher than other levels.Changes with observation code and practice in Chinese radiosonde observations are thoroughly investigated.Then the possible cause of the phenomenon is analyzed and validated with observations.The height of each pressure level in sounding is calculated by accumulating the thickness of layers between each pressure levels below on the base of station elevation.And the thickness is determined by hydrostatic equation automatically nowadays,but due to the limitation of calculation capacity before the1980 s,they are available in ready-made GPH-table.However,900 hPa,800 hPa,80 hPa and 60 hPa are not included in the GPH-table possibly because they are not directly used in weather charts then.So GPHs of levels in question are obtained through interpolation on time-GPH chart after GPH of other levels are available on the chart through looking up the GPH-table.This practice makes GPH of levels in question vulnerable to human mistakes,thus many records contain errors.The explanation to the cause of the problem is validated with observations.Furthermore,the method to correct the erroneous GPH record is proposed,which is to recalculate it based on hydrostatic equation with correct observations of other levels from the same sounding.The correcting method is validated since the originally correct GPH records are reproduced accurately.For900 hPa and 800 hPa of Ganzhou Station,differences

关 键 词：探空资料 位势高度 订正 

分 类 号：P412.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]