常见地被植物叶片特征及滞尘效应研究  

Study on Leaf Characteristics and Dust-Capturing Capability of Common Ground Cover Plants

作　　者：李超群[1] 钟梦莹[1] 武瑞鑫[2] 刘月华[1] 潘多[1] 邵新庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院草地研究所,北京100193 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第12期2050-2055,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-35);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203006)

摘　　要：近年来以大气粉尘颗粒物为首要污染物的雾霾天气在我国城市频繁发生,地被植物在控制缓解大气颗粒物方面的生态作用已成为研究热点。本研究拟在观察北京几种常见地被植物叶片形态特性的基础上,测定并计算单位叶面积的滞尘量和单位叶面积的最大滞尘量,试图揭示地被植物叶片阻滞、吸收大气颗粒污染物的机制,明确地被植物在缓解大气污染物种的贡献,并推荐应用于北京地区的优良滞尘地被植物,以期为控制和减轻北京大气污染,改善空气质量提供一定的科学理论依据。研究以北京绿化5种常见的地被植物——高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea.)、白三叶(Trifolium repens.)、草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis.)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon.)和匍匐剪股颖(Agrostis stolonifera.)为研究对象,观察其叶片特征并测定其滞尘能力。通过比较分析,发现不同地被植物滞尘能力存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其中:(1)狗牙根和白三叶的单位面积滞尘量最大,草地早熟禾次之,高羊茅和匍匐剪股颖滞尘量较小;(2)狗牙根最大滞尘量最大,白三叶次之,最后为高羊茅、草地早熟禾和匍匐剪股颖;(3)在一定时间内,5种地被植物的滞尘量均随时间延长呈现有限增长的趋势;(4)叶片滞尘量和最大滞尘量与叶面积呈现负相关关系,叶面积越小,单位面积的滞尘量和最大滞尘量越大;(5)除此之外,滞尘量与叶片结构形态也存在一定的关系。被毛或边缘有齿的叶片,其滞尘量越大。Atmospheric dust particles as the primary pollutants of haze weather have occurred frequently in our city in recent years, groundcover plants in controlling ease the ecological role of atmospheric particulate matter has become a hot research topic. For the study of common ground cover plants purification effect of atmospheric particulates in beijing, in this test, Trifoliumrepens., Poapratensis., Festucaarundinacea., Cynodondactylon and Agrostisstolonifera. were our main study object, and we observed their leaf characteristics and measured their dust-capturing capability. Through the comparative analysis we found that different ground cover plants had significant differences.(1) Dust-capturing capability of Cynodondactylon. and Trifoliumrepens. is the largest, next in Poapratensis., and Festucaarundinacea and Agrostisstolonifera is the last;(2) The maximum dust-capturing capability of Cynodondactylon is the largest, next in Trifoliumrepens., and the rest is the last;(3) In a certain period of time, all of dust-capturing capability show a limited growth trend as the time increases;(4) Dust-capturing capability and the maximum dust-capturing capability both have certain negative correlation with leaf area: the smaller the leaf area, the greater dust-capturing capability and the maximum dust-capturing capability;(5) Besides, dust-capturing capability and leaf characteristics also have a certain relationship: blade with hairy or toothed edge, the greater the dust-capturing capability.

关 键 词：地被植物 叶片特征 滞尘量 最大滞尘量 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]