生物炭修复土壤重金属污染的研究进展  

Research Progresses in Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils by Biochar

作　　者：李江遐[1] 吴林春[1] 张军[2] 王陈丝丝 于倩倩[1] 彭毅 马友华[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,安徽合肥230036 [3]江苏天象生物科技有限公司,江苏徐州221000

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2015年第12期2075-2081,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：农业部农业生态环境保护重大专项(农科发[2012]3号);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B05);安徽省教育厅重点项目(2014振兴计划03090304);国家级大学生创新创业训练项目(201410364027)

摘　　要：生物炭是由生物质在完全或部分缺氧的情况下经热解炭化产生的一类高度芳香化难熔性固态物质。近年来,生物炭在污染环境修复方面得到广泛关注,已成为当前环境科学的研究热点。文章综述了近年来国内外有关生物炭修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展,探讨了生物炭对土壤修复的潜力,阐述了生物炭对于土壤重金属生物有效性的影响。相关研究发现,不同来源及裂解温度制备的生物炭对土壤重金属修复的效果不同,不同类型土壤重金属对于生物炭的响应亦非常复杂,从而呈现出各异的土壤重金属修复效果。生物炭对重金属生物有效性的影响源于改变土壤p H、影响土壤有机质含量,改变土壤氧化还原电位及土壤微生物群落组成等多种机制的协同作用,同时生物炭在对重金属的吸附方面扮演着重要角色。生物炭对土壤重金属修复的影响效应取决于生物炭的特性和施用量、土壤肥力和性质、以及重金属种类等因素。因此,必须根据不同土壤的主要重金属污染类型,选择合适的生物炭,以期得到较好的土壤改良效果。今后应加强生物炭在农田土壤改良以及农作物生长方面的研究与应用,进一步探索生物炭在重金属污染土壤中发生的生物和化学反应机理,并且要对生物炭的施用效果进行野外长期定位研究。Biochar, a solid material containing high fractions of aromatic functional groups, is produced through thermal degradation of biomass in the absence of oxygen or with limited oxygen. In recent years, biochar has caused widespread concern about remediation of contaminated environment, which has become the current research hotspot. This paper summarizes recent advances about the effect of biochar on the remediation of soil heavy metal pollution, discusses the capacity of biochar on the remediation of soil heavy metal, and illustrates the influence of biochar on bioavailability of soil heavy metal. Previous studies demonstrated that biochar with different source and pyrolysis temperature show complex responses to biochar amendment, Different soil heavy metal show complex responses to biochar amendment, resulting in different effect of remediation. The influence of biochar on bioavalibility of heavy metal originated from the interrelated effects of several mechanisms, including p H changes, content of soil organic matter, change of soil Eh and formation of microbial community structures. In these mechanisms, adsorption of inorganic/organic compounds by biochar play important roles. But the effect of biochar on soil remediation depends on the charater and application rate of biochar, fertility and character of soil, kind of heavy metal. Therefore, we must according to the main obstacle factors of different kid soil, select the appropriate biochar in order to get a better effect of soil improvement. Future research and application of biochar in soil improvement and crop growth should be strengthened. We should make a further exploration on the biogical and chemical mechanism of interaction between biochar and soil. The effect of biochar application needs to be verified by field long-term positioning studies.

关 键 词：生物炭 土壤修复 重金属 移动性 生物有效性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]