海底烟囱的化学反应机理及对氧气起源的启示  

Chemical reaction mechanism of submarine chimneys and its enlightenment to the origin of oxygen

作　　者：杨雁童 

机构地区：[1]中南大学附属实验中学,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《矿产与地质》2015年第6期844-846,共3页Mineral Resources and Geology

摘　　要：现代海底烟囱按温度和成分可分为黑烟囱、白烟囱和低温喷口3种类型,它们相互伴生并构成了一种天然电解反应系统。黑烟囱与低温喷口是该系统的阴、阳两极,H+带正电而向阴极移动和聚集,导致黑烟囱喷出的热液呈酸性,OH-带负电而向阳极移动和聚集,导致低温喷口的热液呈碱性。在阴极—黑烟囱附近发生的主要反应之一是SO2-4的还原与黄铁矿和闪锌矿等硫化物矿物的结晶反应。在阳极—低温喷口附近,部分OH-消耗在碳酸盐矿物的结晶反应中,部分OH-离子则放电并放出O2。大地电磁场为海底烟囱环境下水的电离和地球上初始氧气的产生提供了条件和动力。初始氧气改变了大气圈、水圈及地壳浅部岩石圈的地质和物理化学环境,促进了生命起源和进化的进程。The modern submarine chimneys are divided into black smoker chimneys,white smoker chimneys and low-temperature vents according to their temperature and components,and these 3types of chimneys coexist with each other and constitute a natural electrolytic reaction system.The black smoker chimneys and low temperature vents play the roles of negative poles and positive poles respectively.H+with positive charge move towards and gather around the negative poles,and it leads to the acidity of hydrothermal solution from the black smoker chimneys.Meanwhile,OH-with negative charge migrate to and accumulate around the positive poles,and it results in alkalinity of hydrothermal solution from the low temperature vents.One of the reactions adjacent to the black smoker chimneys is the reduction of SO2-4,which is accompanied by crystallization of sulfideminerals such as pyrite and sphalerite.In the vicinity of the low temperature vents,apart of OH-are consumed in the crystallization reaction of carbonate minerals,while another part of OH-discharge and release O2.The magnetotelluric field creates favorable conditions and provides enough power for the electrolysis of water in the environment of submarine chimneys and for the generation of initial oxygen gas on the earth.The initial oxygen gas changes the geological and physicochemical environment of the atmosphere,the hydrosphere and the lithosphere in the upper part of the Earth's crust,and it also promotes the process of life origin and evolution.

关 键 词：海底烟囱 化学反应机制 大地电磁场 水的电解 氧气起源 

分 类 号：P744[天文地球—海洋科学]