汽车轮辐专用工装夹具的优化设计  

Optimal Design of Special Fixture for Automobile Spoke

作　　者：孙业荣[1] 孙业国[2] 张春雨[1] 汪建 

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院机械工程学院,安徽凤阳233100 [2]淮南师范学院数学系,安徽淮南232001 [3]马可迅(南通)车轮有限公司,江苏南通226010

出　　处：《机械设计与研究》2016年第1期100-103,109,共5页Machine Design And Research

基　　金：安徽高校省级自然科学研究项目(KJ2011Z080);安徽高校省级自然科学重点研究项目(KJ2013A239)

摘　　要：为了提高汽车车轮轮辐外径面及外端面的加工精度、装夹效率、减轻劳动强度,适应汽车车轮的生产线向自动化、柔性化方向发展需要,优化设计了一种配合立式车床加工汽车车轮轮辐外径面及外端面的专用工装夹具。针对车轮轮辐外径面及外端面的制造工艺特点和优化设计目的,本次设计的优化之处主要有两点:一是工装夹具定位方面,该工装夹具利用轮辐中心孔面及平面定位,采用旋转拉杆夹紧的方式,避免了传统夹具基准不统一带来的轮辐外径跳动偏大且不稳定问题;二是机械结构方面,在车轮轮辐的每个散热孔附近区域加装一个浮动支撑油缸,以提高轮辐在加工过程中的刚度和强度,从而可以避免轮辐外径面失圆的问题。该专用工装夹具使用结果表明:结构和工艺优化设计合理,定位准确、可靠、装夹效率高,操作方便,装夹加工出来的轮辐外径面及外端面精度高,创造了良好的经济效益,并具有良好的通用性。One kind of special fixture for processing the outer diameter and end face of automobile spoke is designed optimally to enhance machining precision, clamping efficiency, reduce labor intensity, and adapt to the need of production line for the automobile wheel to automation and flexible direction. Concerning about the manufacturing process feature and optimal designing purpose of the outer diameter and end face on the wheel spoke, there are two optimization of this design. First, the fixture positioning, the spoke is positioned by using the center hole surface and the plane, and clamped by using the rotating rod. Thus the big beat and instability problem of the outer diameter are avoided. Second, the mechanical structure, the floating support cylinder is installed on the area around every ventilation holes of the automobile wheel, to improve the strength and rigidity of it in the machining process, thus avoid the problems of the large roundness on processing surface. The results show that the special fixture has the reasonable structure and process, accurate and reliable positioning, high clamping efficiency, convenient operation, and creates good economic benefits, but also good versatility.

关 键 词：汽车轮辐 工装夹具 优化设计 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]