硅藻土基调湿板材的水热合成试验研究  

Preparation and Properties of Humidity Controlling Board Based on Diatomaceous Earth

作　　者：戴民[1] 王羽[1] 魏征[1] 李秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学材料科学与工程学院,沈阳110168

出　　处：《硅酸盐通报》2016年第1期231-236,共6页Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：住房与城乡建设部项目(2014-K4-021)

摘　　要：天然硅藻土中无定形二氧化硅的含量很高,以其为硅质材料,可用于制备硅酸盐制品。实验中采用铺浆注模、压制脱水成型、常压湿热养护等工艺措施制备硅藻土板材,考察了原材料掺量、脱水压力对硅藻土板材的力学性能影响,以及不同钙硅比对板材吸放湿性能的影响。试验结果表明:钙硅比在2∶6时可获得最大抗折强度,随水泥掺量的增加样品抗折强度呈上升趋势,提高脱硫石膏掺量,样品的抗折强度随之增加,脱水压力的增加可提高样品的抗折强度,增加木质纤维掺量可提高制品抗折强度,外掺1%耐碱玻璃纤维可获得最大抗折强度;钙硅比的变化明显影响样品的吸放湿率,对样品的放湿速率影响较大,吸湿速率影响不大;样品的吸放湿率优于市面已有石膏板及硅酸钙板;SEM照片显示,硅藻土内部孔中水化产物随钙硅比的增加而增多。Natural diatomaceous earth contains a large amount of amorphous sihca, which as siliceous material can be used for silicate products. The specimens of humidity controlling material based on diatomaceous earth were made by some critical process measures, such as pouring slurry into mould, pressure dehydration and atmospheric steam curing. The effects of the ratio of raw materials and the pressure of dehydration on bending strength, the properties of moisture absorption and desorption were studied, the microtopography of specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The results of single factor experiments showed that the specimen had the maximum bending strength while calcium silicon ratio in 2：6 and the ratio of alkali-resistant glass fiber in 1%, the bending strength of the specimen showed a rising trend with the increase of the content of cement, the content of wood fiber and the pressure of dehydration. A slight increase in bending strength could be found while rising desulfurizationg gypsum content. The content of calcium silicon ratio could significantly affect the absorption and desorption performances, and the effect of desorption rate was large and the effect of absorption rate could be ignored. The absorption and desorption performances of dehydration was better than gypsun and calcium silicate board. The SEM photos showed that diatomite hydration products in internal holes increased with calcium silicon ratio, which was related to the properties of moisture absorption and desorption.

关 键 词：硅藻土 吸放湿性能 水热合成 抗折强度 

分 类 号：TD98[矿业工程—选矿]