晚古生代煤田水文地质特征与防治水理论及技术  

Hydrogeological characteristics and mine water inrush prevention of late Paleozoic coalfields

作　　者：白海波[1] 缪协兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《中国矿业大学学报》2016年第1期1-10,共10页Journal of China University of Mining & Technology

基　　金：国家重大基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2007CB209400);国家自然科学基金项目(50974115;50874103;50974107);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B07028)

摘　　要：世界煤矿突水量前5位都发生在中国华北,其水源为石炭-二叠系煤系底板的奥陶系石灰岩岩溶水,突水造成的直接经济损失位列中国煤矿各类事故之首.为了探讨其原因,通过调研,比较了中国与国外晚古生代大煤田煤矿开采防治水的难易程度和防治水技术方法,结论主要包括:1)中国华北、华南及俄罗斯的莫斯科近郊煤田(石炭-二叠系)在世界晚古生代煤田中矿井水文地质条件最为复杂,均受岩溶水威胁,防治水难度大;其余大煤田煤矿开采主要受煤系裂隙水影响,防治水难度相对较小;2)中国煤矿水文地质条件复杂的主要原因是板内构造变形剧烈、构造地质条件复杂,煤层顶底板近距离内即有厚度大且强岩溶化的富含水层,断层、陷落柱和暗河等导水通道多且规模大,而世界其他大煤田和含煤区则处于地盾等构造稳定区域,埋藏封闭条件好、构造简单、断层稀少,煤层顶底板没有较富含水层或很厚的隔水层;3)国外煤矿防治水方法以疏干开采为主,对条件较复杂的区块采取弃采和暂不采的方式,中国以带压、限压、疏降等多种方法并用,对各种条件下的煤层均进行了开采;4)国外重点在疏降水与排水设备及其自动化控制技术上突出,中国以带压开采理论和隔水层加固、含水层改造技术见长.In the history of mine water inrush disasters all over the world,the top five water volume of inrush disasters happened in north China,with water coming from Ordovician karst limestone in the floor of Carboniferous-Permian coalfields.A large number of statistics indicate that the direct economic loss caused by water inrush ranks first compared with other disasters in China coal mines.In order to understand the reasons,we investigated the hydrogeology characteristics,degree of difficulty of water inrush prevention and the technology of late Paleozoic’s large coalfields in China and other countries based on field observation.The main results show that：firstly,the coalfields in north and south China and near Moscow of Russia,which are threatened by karst water,shows high difficulty of water inrush prevention,and indicates most complex hydrogeology characteristics of coalfields and mines.For other large coalfields,water in rock fracture is the main threat for mining,so it is relatively simple to prevent waterinrush.Secondly,the factors for complex hydrogeology characteristics in China coalfields include the large deformation of crustal plate,complex condition of geological structures,thick rich aquifers with high karstification in roof and floor near coal seams and lots of water-conducting channels such as faults,karst collapse pillars and underground rivers.For other countries,the geological structures are relatively simple and stable,and there are less rich aquifers existing in roof and floor or thick aquifuges.Thirdly,water inrush prevention method of other countries’ coal fields is mainly on water drainage,and they usually abandon the coal fields with complex hydrogeology characteristics,while several methods are jointly applied in China,including mining with water pressure or limiting water pressure,mining with drainage and so on.Finally,it is concluded that the drainage equipment and automatic technology are emphasized and well developed in foreign countries,while the theory of mining with water pressure,

关 键 词：水文地质 防治水 疏干开采 带压开采 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学] TD163[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]