海洋自由制度的完善:内涵、主体与动力——基于对海洋政治历史的研究  

Freedom of the Seas Revisiting:the Connotation,Main Body and the Driving Power——Based on the History of Ocean Politics

作　　者：曹文振[1,2] 李文斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法政学院 [2]中国海洋大学国际问题研究所

出　　处：《亚太安全与海洋研究》2016年第1期48-61,131-132,共14页Asia-Pacific Security and Maritime Affairs

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目<和平发展大战略下中国的海洋强国建设与海洋权益维护问题研究>(13AZZ013)阶段性成果

摘　　要：海洋自由是现代海洋秩序的原则之一,其内涵包括和平时期《联合国海洋法公约》(以下称《公约》)赋予各国在不同海域不同程度的权利;以及战争时期,在规范海上封锁基础上,中立国船只自由航行和贸易的权利。从海洋政治的历史演进来看,先后有四个部分进入海洋自由完善的进程之中:提出海洋自由原则、界定海洋自由的权利边界、否定私掠与海盗以及完善战时海洋自由。和平时期的海洋自由常常被一些国家曲解和利用,战时海洋自由在二战之后被迫中断。从历史来看,权力斗争伴随海洋自由制度完善的整个过程,海洋大国则发挥了主体作用。具体来说,当权力斗争没有导致权力转移时,海洋大国会促使海洋霸主修正既有制度,或否定海军大国的不合理行为来完善海洋自由制度。当权力斗争导致权力发生转移时,霸权在海洋大国间的转移推动海洋自由制度的合理部分不断被引入、继承、积累和固化。Freedom of the seas,which includes some freedoms defined by UNCLOS and the right of neutral ships to trade during the war,is one of the principles of the Modern Marine order.Throughout the history of the ocean politics,four parts came into the process of improving freedom of the seas:bringing up principles on freedom of the seas,defining boundary of the freedom of the seas,denying privateers and pirates and improving freedom of the seas at war time.Freedom of the seas in peacetime has usually been distorted and utilized,while freedom of the seas in wartime is often subjected to misinterpretation and fading out after the World War II.Historically,maritime powers have played a major role in completing the process of freedom of the seas.Specifically,when power struggle does not result in power transition,it will lead maritime superpower to correct the extant system,or improve the system by denying naval powers' misconducts.As a result of power transition,the hegemony transition between maritime powers will constantly promote the reasonable parts of freedom of seas to be introduced,accumulated and solidified.

关 键 词：海洋自由 内涵 海洋大国 权力斗争 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]