海南岛秋季暴雨气候特征及其环流背景分析  

Characterisitics of autumn rainstorm and its circulation background in Hainan Island

作　　者：邢旭煌[1] 胡德强[1] 程守长[2] 熊光明[3] 吴胜安[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省气候中心 [2]海南省气象台 [3]中国人民解放军96163部队

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2015年第6期78-85,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(414197);海南省重点科技计划应用研究及产业化项目(ZDXM20130081);海南省气象局面上项目(HN2013MS05)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1968—2013年9—11月海南岛18个国家气象站的逐日降水资料,采用日最大降水量法、秋季最多频次法和耿贝尔分布重现期法分析海南岛暴雨大值区,对暴雨大值区历年秋季的暴雨频次异常和秋季降水量异常年进行环流分析。结果表明:海南岛暴雨大值区分布在东南沿海一带,暴雨相对小值区位于西南地区,这种分布可能与海南岛的五指山地形有关;海南岛东南部地区暴雨发生频次与西南部地区暴雨发生频次呈正相关,相关系数为0.36,通过了95%水平的信度检验;海南岛东南沿海地区暴雨大值区的秋季暴雨日数多(少)且秋季降水量大(小)年份对应整层东风(西风)异常,且低层在海南岛及其西部地区存在气旋式(反气旋式)异常。Using the daily precipitation data at 18 weather stations of Hainan Island from September to November during period of 1968 to 2013, atmospheric circulation characteristics of large value areas of rainstorm in a year with rainstorm frequency anomaly and precipiatation anomaly in autumn were analyzed by methods of a daily max- imum precipitation, an autumn maximum frequency and a Gumbel distribution. The results indicate that areas of the large and small values of rainstorm are located in the southeast coastal and southwest regions respectively, and these distribution characteristics may be related to the terrain of Wuzhi Mountain of Hainan Island. Frequency of rainstorm in the southeast of Hainan Island is in a positive correlation with that in the southwest, and correlation co- efficient reaches 0.36 which has passed a 95 % reliability test. The more or less number of autumn rainstorm day that has a large value area of rainstorm in southeastern coastal of Hainan Island and years with the larger or smaller autumn precipitation, correspond to the easterly or westerly flow in the whole layer and the cyclonic or anticyclonic anomaly in low-level in Hainan Island and its western regions.

关 键 词：海南岛 秋季暴雨 暴雨大值区 环流异常 

分 类 号：P468.024[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]