混合比例和添加EM菌剂对紫花苜蓿和裸燕麦混贮品质的影响  

Effects of mixed ratio and effective microorganism(EM) addition on the mixed silage quality of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L. ) and naked oats(Avena nuda)

作　　者：葛剑[1] 杨翠军[2] 刘贵河[1] 杨志敏 白雪梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北北方学院动物科技学院,河北张家口075131 [2]河北北方学院生命科学研究中心,河北张家口075000 [3]张家口市农科院,河北张家口075131

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2015年第12期2093-2099,共7页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划课题"中东部地区优质柴花苜蓿高效生产利用关键技术集成与产业化示范"(2011BAD17B04);河北省教育厅青年基金项目(2011231);河北北方学院创新人才培育项目(CXRC1313)

摘　　要：探讨混合比例和EM菌剂对紫花苜蓿和裸燕麦混贮饲料品质的影响,以紫花苜蓿和裸燕麦为原料,按质量比1∶0.5,1∶1和1∶2进行混合青贮,并分别添加0,0.1%,0.2%和0.4%的EM菌剂,青贮60 d后测定混合青贮饲料的发酵品质和营养物质含量。结果显示,混贮饲料的发酵品质随裸燕麦比例增加而提高,添加EM菌剂青贮饲料p H值和氨态氮/总氮有所下降,乳酸含量有升高趋势,添加0.1%和0.2%EM处理组总挥发性脂肪酸含量显著低于相应对照组(P<0.05),其中苜蓿与裸燕麦混合比例为1∶2时,添加0.1%EM在降低总挥发性脂肪酸和提高乳酸/乙酸方面效果最好。混贮饲料苜蓿比例越高,粗蛋白质含量越高,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量逐渐降低,但添加EM菌剂对青贮饲料营养成分影响不大。其中,裸燕麦比例较高时,添加0.1%和0.2%EM,可加速消耗原料中可溶性碳水化合物,有利于提高青贮发酵品质。总之,紫花苜蓿与裸燕麦混合青贮可形成养分互补,提高营养价值;加入0.1%或0.2%的EM菌剂有助于抑制不良发酵,提高发酵品质。Nutritional evaluation of mixed ratio and effective microorganism （EM） on mixed silage made of alfalfa （ Medicago sativa L. ） and naked oats （ Avena nuda） in different proportions （ 1 ： 0. 5, 1 ： 1 and 1 ： 2 ） were carried out in present study. The changes between fermentation quality and nutrition composition were observed after 60 days. The results showed that the fermentation quality of silage was improved gradually with the increase of the proportion of naked oats. The pH value and the ratio of NH3-N/TN were decline, and the lactic acid （LA） content was increasedwith the addition of EM. The contents of total volatile fatty acids （TVFAs） of the treatments with the addition of 0. 1% EM and 0. 2% EM were significantly lower than those of the control group （ P 〈 0. 05）. The most significant effects on reducing the content of TVFAs and increasing the proportion of lactic acid and acetic acid were observed when alfalfa and naked oats were mixed in 1 ： 2 and with the addition of 0. 1% EM. The content of crude protein （CP） was increased, and the content of neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） were re- duced with the increase of alfalfa proportion in mixed silage. The effects of EM on nutritional ingredient of mixed si- lage were not significant, and with the addition of 0. 1% EM or 0.2% EM in mixed silage which the proportion of naked oats were increased, the consumption of water soluble carbohydrate （WSC） was accelerated, and the fermen- tation quality of mixed silage was improved. In a word, the mixed silage of alfalfa and naked oats could make nutri- tion complementary, improve nutrition value, and addition with 0. 1% EM or 0. 2% EM in mixed silage could help to depress bad fermentation and improve the fermentation quality.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 裸燕麦 青贮 EM 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]