上海市农业源氨排放清单及分布特征  

Agricultural ammonia emission inventory and its distribution characteristics in Shanghai

作　　者：房效凤 沈根祥[1,2] 徐昶[2] 钱晓雍[2] 李金文[2] 赵子刚 于绍凤 朱凯承 

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学资源与环境工程学院,上海200237 [2]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [3]上海青浦现代农业园区,上海201717

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2015年第12期2177-2185,共9页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：上海市环保科研项目(沪环科2014-25);上海市自然科学基金项目(15ZR1434900);上海市环科院科技创新项目(CX201206)

摘　　要：通过收集上海市农业源氨排放活动水平数据,分析筛选文献报道和模型计算的排放因子,建立了2011年上海市农业源氨排放清单。结果表明：2011年上海市农业源氨排放总量为54.53×10~3t,畜禽养殖和氮肥施用是上海市最主要的农业氨排放来源,分别占总排放量的61.2%和34.3%。其中,肉猪和家禽是畜禽养殖业最主要的氨排放来源,分别占畜禽养殖业氨排放总量的56.9%和34.2%。浦东新区、金山区、奉贤区和崇明县是上海市农业源氨排放量最大的4个区县,其排放分担率之和占排放总量的66.2%。奉贤区的奉新镇是畜禽养殖氨排放量最大的镇,而青浦区的练塘镇则是氮肥施用氨排放贡献最大的镇。研究发现,浦东新区、金山区、奉贤区和崇明县是上海市需要重点控制农业源氨排放的4个区县,而肉猪、家禽养殖和氮肥施用为3个主要控制源。Based on the activity data of agricultural ammonia emission sources, an agricultural ammonia emission inventory of Shanghai in 2011 was developed by analyzing emission factors in the literature and model. It was shown that the total agricultural NH3 emission in Shanghai was 54. 53 × 103 t in 2011. Livestock and poultry breed- ing and N fertilizer application were main contributors of agricultural NH3 sources, accounting for 61.2% and 34. 3% of total NH3 emission, respectively. Hog was the largest contributor among the livestock and poultry sources, accounting for 56.9% of total livestock and poultry emission, followed by poultry, with a contribution of 34. 2%. For spatial distribution, Pudong, Jinshan, Fengxian and Chongming districts were the top four NH3 emis- sions contributors, which accounted for 66. 2% altogether of total NH3 emission in Shanghai. Fengxin was the lar- gest NH3 emission town for livestock and poultry breeding sources, while Liantang Town was the largest contributor for NH3 emission of N fertilizer application. In general, Pudong, Jinshan, Fengxian and Chongming were four key districts for ammonia emission control, while hog, poultry and application of N fertilizer were vital sources for re-ducing NHz emissions.

关 键 词：氨 排放清单 农业源 分布特征 上海市 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]