中国农村6～11岁小学生忽视影响因素分析  

Influencing factors of child neglect at aged 6-11 years in rural areas of China

作　　者：潘建平[1] 杨武悦 张慧颖[3] 焦锋[4] 张雅琴[5] 古桂雄[6] 陈晶琦[7] 席卫平[8] 彭玉林[9] 钟朝晖[10] 秦锐 褚英[12] 李骏[13] 杨建平[8] 马乐[1] 王维清[1] 高引莉[1] 应艳红[1] 滕红[1] 刘婷[1] 杨文娟[1] 武万良[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学系,陕西西安710061 [2]西安市妇幼保健院基层保健科,陕西西安710002 [3]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [4]昆明医科大学公共卫生学院,云南昆明650500 [5]海南省妇幼保健院儿童保健科,海南海口570206 [6]苏州大学附属儿童医院儿童保健科,江苏苏州215003 [7]北京大学医学部儿童少年卫生研究所,北京100083 [8]山西省妇幼保健院儿童保健部,山西太原030013 [9]河南省教育厅体育卫生艺术教育处,河南郑州450008 [10]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆400016 [11]江苏省妇幼保健院儿童保健部,江苏南京210000 [12]徐州市妇幼保健院儿童保健科,江苏徐州221009 [13]西安市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生科,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2015年第6期1111-1115,共5页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81172688)

摘　　要：目的了解影响中国农村6~11岁在校小学生受忽视状况的危险因素,为制订科学的干预措施奠定基础。方法根据多阶段分层整群抽样原则,在全国随机抽取9个省/直辖市,28个县的6~8岁与9~11岁小学生分别为3863名与4080名,性别分布均衡。采用"中国农村6~8岁小学生忽视评价常模"与"中国农村9~11岁小学生忽视评价常模"制定的量表进行问卷调查。应用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行统计学描述、x^2检验、方差分析、二元Logistic回归与多元逐步回归分析处理。结果中国农村6~8岁与9~11岁小学生总忽视率分别为40.2%(1 258/3 130)与42.5%(1 498/3 526),总忽视度分别为46.04±8.87与44.78±10.43;6~8岁组不同性别的忽视率与忽视度之间的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),小学1~3年级、4~6年级及9~11岁组不同性别的忽视率与忽视度之间的差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);单因素x^2检验结果显示6~8岁组的"民族"不是儿童受忽视的危险因素(P>0.05),两组其余所有因素差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)均为小学生受忽视的危险因素;经过单因素x^2检验与F分析,影响6~11岁儿童受忽视频度与强度的危险因素主要有"是否独生子女,是否有单独房间,父母亲的职业、文化程度及其与孩子之间的关系等"(均P<0.05,且均覆盖忽视的6个层面),二元Logistic回归与多元逐步回归分析结果也显示其受忽视的危险因素主要为"是否独生及孩子与父母之间的相互关系"。结论中国农村6~8岁与9~11岁小学生忽视状况均较严重,而影响其受忽视的主要因素为"是否独生、父母与孩子之间的关系及父母之间关系"等。Objective To understand the risk factors for impacting the neglected condition of pupils aged 6 - 11 years in rural areas in China, and to lay foundation for the development of scientific interventions. Methods According to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, 3 863 pupils aged 6 - 8 years and 4 080 pupils aged 9 - 11 years were randomly chosen separately from 28 counties in 9 provinces/municipalities, and the ratio of male and female was balanced. Questionnaire survey was conducted with the scale of Neglect Evaluation Norms for Pupils Aged 6 - 8 Years in Rural Areas of China and Neglect Evaluation Norms for Pupils Aged 9 - 11 Years in Rural Areas of China, and statistical description, chi-square test, T-test, variance analysis, Logistic regression and multiple regression analysis were conducted with SPSS13.0 statistical software. Results The total neglect rate of Chinese pupils aged 6 - 8 years and 9 - 11 years was 40.2% （ 1 258/3 130） and 42.5% （ 1 498/3 526）, respectively, and the total neglect degree was 46.04 _＋ 8.87 and 44.78 ：t= 10.43, respectively. The neglect rate and degree between males and females in 6 - 8 years group were not statistically significant （ P 〉 0.05 ）. There were statistically significant differences in the neglect rate and degree between males and females in grade 1 - 3, grade 4 - 6 and 9 - 11 years group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The chi-square test showed that in 6 - 8 years group nation was not a risk factor of child neglect （ P 〉 0.05 ）, but all of the remaining were risk factors for being neglected in two groups （ all P 〈 0.05 ）. Univariate analysis and F analysis revealed that the main risk factors of impacting the neglect frequency and degree of children aged 6 - 11 years were whether or not the only, whether or not have a separate room, parents＇ occupation, parents＇ education degree and the relationship between parents and children （ all P 〈 0.05, and the six levels of neglect were all covered）. Logistic regression and multi

关 键 词：忽视 危险因素 因素分析 小学生 中国农村 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]