贵州喀斯特地区草地畜牧业发展优势与潜力分析  

Advantages and Potentials for the Development of Animal Husbandry in Guizhou Karst Area

作　　者：许留兴 熊康宁[1,2] 张锦华[3] 刘成名[1,2] 李聪聪[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学中国南方喀斯特研究院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001 [3]贵州省畜牧兽医研究所,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2015年第12期60-66,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家十二五科技支撑计划重大课题(2011BAC09B01);贵州省科技计划重大专项(黔科合重大专项字[2004]6007号);贵州师范大学研究生创新基金项目(研创2014(23))

摘　　要：根据中国草地资源调查资料(农业部畜牧兽医司,1996)、贵州各市(州)年鉴、CNKI数据库及相关文献、贵州气象局提供的数据等为依据,对贵州各市(区)气候、天然草地面积、草畜承载量、石漠化面积等因子进行研究,分析了贵州草地建植的政策优势、气候地形优势、植物资源优势和草地资源优势。结果表明:1)贵州根据气候和地形优势,为建立多层次、立体、反季节性牧草提供了条件;2)贵州天然草地面积4.82×106 hm2,占土地面积的27.36%,可利用天然草地面积3.76×106 hm2,占总土地面积的21.34%,占天然草地面积的78.01%,成片草地面积493.38hm2,占总土地面积的0.28%,草地畜牧业的发展具有很大潜力;此外,人工草地的建立具遏制水土流失和石漠化、提高土壤肥力的功效;3)贵州喀斯特地区可利用冬闲田和陡坡种植牧草,作为备用草地,降低了牧草的季节性供应不均衡所带来的损失;4)草地畜牧业不仅涉及农学,还涉及到地理学、化学、生物学等多种学科,甚至能发展成为观光农业。Taking the survey data of Chinese grassland resources （Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department, Ministry of Agriculture, 1996）, Yearbooks of city （district） in Guizhou, the relevant literatures of CNKI database and information provided by Guizhou Meteorological Bureau as the data source, the city climate （district） in Guizhou, natural grassland area, breeding capacity and rocky desertification area were studied. The advantages for grass planting policy, climate and terrain, resource on plant and grassland in Guizhou were analyzed. The result shows that： 1） The advantage of climate and terrain in Guizhou provides favorable conditions for establishing multi-level, three-dimensional and anti-seasonal pasture; 2） The natural grassland area is 4.82 ×10^6 hm^2 , accounting for 27.36 % of the total land area, while the available natural grassland area is 3.76 ×10^6 hm^2 , accounting for 21.34% of the total land area and 78.01% of the natural grassland area, patches of grassland area is 493.38 hm^2 , accounting for 0. 28% of the total land area, which has great potential for the development of grassland animal husbandry. In addition, the establishment of artificial grassland has effect on curbing soil erosion, desertification, and improving soil fertility; 3） Planting grass in the winter field and steep slope as spare grassland in Guizhou karst area can reduce the loss caused by seasonal forage supply imbalance; 4） The grassland animal husbandry not only involves agriculture, also related to geography, chemistry, biology and other disciplines, which even can become sightseeing agriculture. The data are served to provide a theoretical basis on prevention and control of soil erosion, desertification, and development of ecological animal husbandry.

关 键 词：喀斯特 石漠化 草地 资源 贵州 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]