“公民身份”:西方起源与中国含义  

Citizenship: the Western Origin and Its Meaning in the Chinese Context

作　　者：黄典林[1] 黄藤[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学传播研究院,北京100024 [2]中国人民公安大学公安管理学院,北京100038

出　　处：《南昌大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第6期58-64,共7页Journal of Nanchang University(Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"国际传播学科发展前沿研究"(11AXW003);中国传媒大学科研培育项目"传播政治经济学与文化研究学派比较研究"(CUC13A25)

摘　　要：在西方语境下,公民身份(citizenship)的观念起源于古希腊的城邦国家和罗马帝国。现代意义上的公民身份概念指的是在一个特定的社会共同体(通常通过地理界限来定义)中一系列社会融合(或排斥)的制度安排。在马歇尔的经典划分中,现代公民身份包括三个不同层面,即民事、政治和社会权利。新近的理论发展已经将文化公民身份纳入了讨论范畴。比较而言,中国语境下的公民身份观念既受到西方思想的影响,又受到本国特殊政治、经济和文化等层面结构性要素的高度限制,同时在长期的社会历史变迁中受制于更为广大的历史惯性和社会变迁力量。在这一推—拉作用的过程中,中国语境下的特定公民身份概念和具体实践,呈现出与多数西方国家不同的情形。但观念和实践的落差并不意味着当代中国公民身份相关的丰富实践形式缺乏理论关照的价值。相反,这应当成为微观政治和社会研究的生动对象。In the western context,the idea of citizenship has its roots in the traditions of ancient Greek city-states,or the polis,and the Roman Empire. Generally and ideally citizenship in the modern sense is understood as a set of institutional arrangements of inclusion（ and exclusion） in a particular community（ normally defined geographically）. British sociologist T. H. Marshall distinguishes three facets of modern citizenship rights,namely civil,political and social rights,followed by recent studies on the fourth facet of cultural citizenship. Comparatively,the specific nature and content of citizenship rights in the Chinese context have been heavily influenced by Western thoughts and conditioned by the structural elements of the political,economic and cultural systems,which,from a perspective of long- term social change,are also subject to great historical inertia as well as enormous forces of transformation. In such a push- and- pull process,the very nature and actual practice of Chinese citizenship remain fundamentally different from that in most Western democratic countries.

关 键 词：公民身份 西方起源 中国语境 内涵 演变 

分 类 号：D082[政治法律—政治学]